HIV感染症およびAIDS患者の臨床的特徴

【Introduction】The survival rate in patients with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS） has been improved dramatically due to the advances in anti-HIV drug therapy, while aging-associated complications become a critical issue. The incidence of sudden occurrence of AIDS without prior detection of HIV infection, so called “Ikinari AIDS”, still remains high. 【Objective】We retrospectively analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients in both Tokushima University Hospital and Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital. 【Results】Eighty four patients （74 males and 10 females） with a median age of 39 years old （range 16 - 85） were enrolled. Thirty-four patients （40.5％） were diagnosed with “Ikinari AIDS” from 2001 to 2020. All 4 patients were diagnosed with “Ikinari AIDS” after 2020. AIDS-defining illnesses were diagnosed as follows ; pneumocystis pneumonia in 21 cases, CMV infection in 8 cases and candidiasis in 6 cases. All patients over 60 years old were suffered from AIDS. Other complications included syphilis in 17 cases, hepatitis B infection in 12 and herpes zoster in 7. 【Discussion/Conclusion】In Tokushima, the incidence rate of “Ikinari AIDS” appeared to be higher than that of national average. COVID - 19 pandemic hampered the public health care services of awareness-raising activity for HIV infection and telephone consultations about HIV, which may become more lease asymptomatic HIV patients without diagnosis. For early diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, it is becoming more important to share information to make early screening of HIV infection among medical staffs, such as medical doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists and MSWs

The JWST Galactic Center Survey -- A White Paper

The inner hundred parsecs of the Milky Way hosts the nearest supermassive black hole, largest reservoir of dense gas, greatest stellar density, hundreds of massive main and post main sequence stars, and the highest volume density of supernovae in the Galaxy. As the nearest environment in which it is possible to simultaneously observe many of the extreme processes shaping the Universe, it is one of the most well-studied regions in astrophysics. Due to its proximity, we can study the center of our Galaxy on scales down to a few hundred AU, a hundred times better than in similar Local Group galaxies and thousands of times better than in the nearest active galaxies. The Galactic Center (GC) is therefore of outstanding astrophysical interest. However, in spite of intense observational work over the past decades, there are still fundamental things unknown about the GC. JWST has the unique capability to provide us with the necessary, game-changing data. In this White Paper, we advocate for a JWST NIRCam survey that aims at solving central questions, that we have identified as a community: i) the 3D structure and kinematics of gas and stars; ii) ancient star formation and its relation with the overall history of the Milky Way, as well as recent star formation and its implications for the overall energetics of our galaxy's nucleus; and iii) the (non-)universality of star formation and the stellar initial mass function. We advocate for a large-area, multi-epoch, multi-wavelength NIRCam survey of the inner 100\,pc of the Galaxy in the form of a Treasury GO JWST Large Program that is open to the community. We describe how this survey will derive the physical and kinematic properties of ~10,000,000 stars, how this will solve the key unknowns and provide a valuable resource for the community with long-lasting legacy value.Comment: This White Paper will be updated when required (e.g. new authors joining, editing of content). Most recent update: 24 Oct 202

Effects of aphid honeydew sugars on the survival and fecundity of the aphidophagous gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza

Predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza, which is used for augmentative biological control of aphids in greenhouses, take aphid honeydew as an energy source to survive. Currently Rhopalosiphum padi on barley plants and Melanaphis sacchari on sorghum plants are used as the banker plant systems for A. aphidimyza to control A. gossypii on eggplants in Japan. We analyzed the sugar components of three species aphid honeydew by HPLC. The major components of honeydew were sucrose, fructose and melezitose for A. gossypii, glucose and fructose for R. padi and glucose, fructose and melezitose for M sacchari. Two minor components for these three aphid species were maltose and trehalose. We investigated the influence of sugars including three aphid artificial honeydew, six sugar components of three species aphid honeydew and water on the longevity of unmated females and males of A. aphidimyza. Both females and males attained the longest lifespan on sucrose and artificial honeydew of A. gossypii. Mean longevities of both females and males were shortest when they were provided with only water. We conducted another experiment where a mated female was released in a cage with an eggplant seedling infested with A. gossypii and was fed with sucrose or only water. Number of eggs laid and survival of the female was examined every day. Females fed with sucrose lived significantly longer and laid more eggs in their lifetime than those with only water