マウスにおいて成体肺に胎仔肺を同所性に直接投与することでパラコートによる急性肺傷害に対して予防的な効果を示した

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24132号医博第4872号新制||医||1059(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 平井 豊博, 教授 湊谷 謙司, 教授 羽賀 博典学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Mice expressing aberrant sperm-specific protein PMIS2 produce normal-looking but fertilization-incompetent spermatozoa

Yamaguchi, R., Fujiharaa, Y., Ikawa, M., & Okabe, M. (2012). Mice expressing aberrant sperm-specific protein PMIS2 produce normal-looking but fertilization-incompetent spermatozoa. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 23(14), 2671-2679. doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-12-102

Mineral Concentration in Water on the Livestock Farm on Hilly Land

低山地開発で造成した和牛牧場における繁殖障害との関連を想定して,牛の飲料水として利用してきた雑用水と,その水源である井戸水のミネラル含有量を原子吸光光度法で測定し,対照としてとった市の上水道水と比較した. その結果,井戸水,雑用水ともにCa,Mg,Fe,Mn含有量が市水よりも高く,とくにFeは井戸水で市水の約500倍,雑用水で20倍以上,Mnは井戸水,雑用水とも帯水の100倍以上の含有量を示した.また,雑用水はその水源である井戸水に比べてFe含有量が著しく減少し,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn含有量が増加していた.これは井戸水が沈砂槽,貯水槽に送水,貯留される間にFeが沈殿し,過去の沈殿物から他のミネラルを溶出したものと考察された. 井戸水のFeは調査期間中にかなり減少し,Mnも漸減傾向を示したが,これは隣接の空港造成のために水脈に変化があったのではないかと考察された.雑用水のMnとFeは調査期間の最初と最後に低く,途中が高い傾向を示し,温度との関係が考察された.和牛の受胎率が夏期にとくに低く,冬期は比較的良好であったこととの関連が考えられたが,MnやFeの摂取許容限界は非常に高いので,単独で過剰の障害を起こすことはないと考えられた

Ginsenoside Rb1 Prevents MPP +

Ginsenoside Rb1 shows neuroprotective effects in various neurons, including dopaminergic cells. However, the precise mechanisms of action are uncertain. In this paper, we examine whether Rb1 has a neuroprotective effect on MPP+-induced apoptosis and attempt to clarify the signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Apoptosis of PC12 cells was determined by DNA fragmentation assay, the activation of caspase-3, or by the inactivation of Bcl-xL. Rb1 inhibited MPP+-induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation and activated Bcl-xL in MPP+-treated PC12 cells. These antiapoptotic effect was abrogated in PC12 cells transfected with estrogen receptor siRNA. Levels of DNA fragmentation were increased by wortmannin or PD 98059, while they were decreased by SB 203580 or SP 600125 in MPP+-treated PC12 cells. Rb1 increased phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 or Akt in MPP+-treated PC12 cells, while it reduced phosphorylated p38 or SAPK/JNK. The increased phosphorylation of ERK/1/2 or Akt by Rb1 was abrogated by estrogen receptor siRNA. Rb1-induced inhibition of SAPK/JNK or p38 phosphorylation was also abolished by estrogen receptor siRNA. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 protects PC12 cells from caspase-3-dependent apoptosis through stimulation of estrogen receptor with consequent activation of ERK1/2 and Akt and inhibition of SAPK/JNK and p38

Experimental Demonstration of a Programmable 400-Gbps DMT Transceiver with Policy-based Control

We propose a programmable 400-G discrete multi-tone (DMT) transceiver with policy-based control. We experimentally demonstrate the 400-G DMT transceiver enabling either capacity, distance, or energy efficiency priority in a four-node photonic mesh network

The Association Between Documentation of Koplik Spots and Laboratory Diagnosis of Measles and Other Rash Diseases in a National Measles Surveillance Program in Japan

Koplik spots are considered a disease-specific sign for measles, although comprehensive virological studies have not been conducted to date. In Japan, a national survey of 3023 measles and measles-suspected cases was conducted between 2009 and 2014 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to detect various rash/fever-associated viruses. Koplik spots were observed in 717 of 3023 cases (23.7%). Among these, the measles virus was detected in 202 cases (28.2%), while the rubella virus was detected in 125 cases (17.4%). Other viruses were detected in 51 cases having the spots (7.1%). In some of the cases with spots, two or three viruses, such as the rubella virus, parvovirus, and human herpesvirus type 6 were also detected. The sensitivity and specificity of Koplik spots as a diagnostic marker for measles were 48 and 80%, respectively. The results suggested that Koplik spots might appear not only in measles but also in other viral infections, such as rubella, as a clinical sign

Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species impair insulin secretion in sphingomyelin synthase 1-null Mice

Sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) catalyzes the conversion of ceramide to sphingomyelin. Here, we generated and analyzed SMS1-null mice. SMS1-null mice exhibited moderate neonatal lethality, reduced body weight, and loss of fat tissues mass, suggesting that they might have metabolic abnormality. Indeed, analysis on glucose metabolism revealed that they showed severe deficiencies in insulin secretion. Isolated mutant islets exhibited severely impaired ability to release insulin, dependent on glucose stimuli. Further analysis indicated that mitochondria in mutant islet cells cannot up-regulate ATP production in response to glucose. We also observed additional mitochondrial abnormalities, such as hyperpolarized membrane potential and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mutant islets. Finally, when SMS1-null mice were treated with the anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine, we observed partial recovery of insulin secretion, indicating that ROS overproduction underlies pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in SMS1-null mice. Altogether, our data suggest that SMS1 is important for controlling ROS generation, and that SMS1 is required for normal mitochondrial function and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells.Masato Yano, Ken Watanabe, Tadashi Yamamoto, Kazutaka Ikeda, Takafumi Senokuchi, Meihong Lu, Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu, Hiroto Tsukano, Masahito Ikawa, Masaru Okabe, Shohei Yamaoka, Toshiro Okazaki, Hisanori Umehara, Tomomi Gotoh, Wen-Jie Song, Koichi Node, Ryo Taguchi, Kazuya Yamagata, Yuichi Oike, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Impair Insulin Secretion in Sphingomyelin Synthase 1-null Mice, Journal of Biological Chemistry, Volume 286, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 3992-4002, ISSN 0021-9258, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.179176

First Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program

The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) is a three-layered imaging survey aimed at addressing some of the most outstanding questions in astronomy today, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The survey has been awarded 300 nights of observing time at the Subaru Telescope and it started in March 2014. This paper presents the first public data release of HSC-SSP. This release includes data taken in the first 1.7 years of observations (61.5 nights) and each of the Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep layers covers about 108, 26, and 4 square degrees down to depths of i~26.4, ~26.5, and ~27.0 mag, respectively (5sigma for point sources). All the layers are observed in five broad bands (grizy), and the Deep and UltraDeep layers are observed in narrow bands as well. We achieve an impressive image quality of 0.6 arcsec in the i-band in the Wide layer. We show that we achieve 1-2 per cent PSF photometry (rms) both internally and externally (against Pan-STARRS1), and ~10 mas and 40 mas internal and external astrometric accuracy, respectively. Both the calibrated images and catalogs are made available to the community through dedicated user interfaces and database servers. In addition to the pipeline products, we also provide value-added products such as photometric redshifts and a collection of public spectroscopic redshifts. Detailed descriptions of all the data can be found online. The data release website is https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/.Comment: 34 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables, moderate revision, accepted for publication in PAS