Measurement of the CRAE and CRVE using the IVAN software.

<p>All retinal arteries (red) and veins (blue) that pass completely through the circumferential zone 0.5 to 1 disc diameter from the optic disc margin are evaluated. The CRAE and CRVE are calculated using the revised Parr-Hubbard formulas. DD, disc diameter.</p

Comparison of parameters between PE+ and PE- eyes.

<p>Comparison of parameters between PE+ and PE- eyes.</p

Fundus photographs of a unilateral PEX case.

<p>In this representative case of unilateral PEX, the fundus photographs show that the retinal artery diameter is narrower in the PE+ right eye (<b>A, C</b>) than in the PE- left eye (<b>B, D</b>). In this case, CRAE and CRVE are 121.3 and 165.5 microns, respectively, in the PE+ eye, and 127.9 and 181.4 microns, respectively, in the PE- eye. (<b>C, D</b>) Higher magnification of the optic disc in <b>A</b> and <b>B</b>, respectively. Magnifications, in <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> ×1; in <b>C</b> and <b>D</b> ×2.5.</p

Correlation between various parameters.

<p>Correlation between various parameters.</p

Comparison of CRAE between PE (+) and PE (-) eyes in visual field damage in two subgroups based on the magnitude of the difference between both eyes in visual field damage.

<p>Comparison of CRAE between PE (+) and PE (-) eyes in visual field damage in two subgroups based on the magnitude of the difference between both eyes in visual field damage.</p

Associations of retinal vascular calibers with biochemical parameters.

<p><b>Abbreviations</b>: <b>logeCRP</b>, logarithmic of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein; <b>SOD- 2</b>, superoxide dismutase 2; <b>GPx-3</b>, glutathione peroxidase activity; <b>β</b>, regression coefficient estimated by multivariate linear regression, <b>SE β</b>; standard error β; <b>Sβ</b>, standardized regression coefficient (computed by multiplying the original estimates by the sample standard deviation of the regressor and divising by the sample standard deviation of the retinal vascular caliber).</p>*<p><b>Model 1:</b> gender-adjusted association of retinal vascular caliber.</p>†<p><b>Model 2:</b> Multivariate association of retinal vascular caliber adjusted for age (years), gender (male vs. female), hypertension status (hypertensive vs. normotensive), current smoking status (current vs. never/past), body mass index (kg/m2), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l), estimated glomerular filtration rate (Modification of the Diet in Renal Disease, ml/min/1.73 m2), and logarithmic of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein for SOD-2 and GPX-3, and GPX-3 for logeCRP and Orosomucoid.</p>§<p><b>Model 3 :</b> model 2 after exclusion of 138 diabetic subjects.</p

Relationship of retinal vascular caliber with cardiovascular risk factors adjusted for age and gender.

*<p><b>Retinal vascular calibers in micron, †ANCOVA: analysis of covariance.</b></p>**<p><b>eGFR</b>, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate from MDRD (Modification of the Diet in Renal Disease) formula.</p

Mean + standard error retinal arteriolar caliber according to quartiles of plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, adjusted for age (years), gender (male vs. female), hypertension status (hypertensive vs. normotensive), current smoking status (current vs. never/past), body mass index (kg/m²), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l), estimated glomerular filtration rate (Modification of the Diet in Renal Disease, ml/min/1.73m²), logarithmic of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein. P-value for the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) = 0.003.

<p>Mean + standard error retinal arteriolar caliber according to quartiles of plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, adjusted for age (years), gender (male vs. female), hypertension status (hypertensive vs. normotensive), current smoking status (current vs. never/past), body mass index (kg/m²), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/l), estimated glomerular filtration rate (Modification of the Diet in Renal Disease, ml/min/1.73m²), logarithmic of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein. P-value for the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) = 0.003.</p

Main vascular features of the Montrachet study participants by tertiles of retinal vascular patterns.

<p>Main vascular features of the Montrachet study participants by tertiles of retinal vascular patterns.</p

Multivariate polytomous regression analysis of Heart SCORE and vascular pattern in the Montrachet study (n = 873).

<p>Multivariate polytomous regression analysis of Heart SCORE and vascular pattern in the Montrachet study (n = 873).</p