Lower bounds on the error probability of multiple quantum channel discrimination by the Bures angle and the trace distance

Quantum channel discrimination is a fundamental problem in quantum information science. In this study, we consider general quantum channel discrimination problems, and derive the lower bounds of the error probability. Our lower bounds are based on the triangle inequalities of the Bures angle and the trace distance. As a consequence of the lower bound based on the Bures angle, we prove the optimality of Grover's search if the number of marked elements is fixed to some integer $k$. This result generalizes Zalka's result for $k=1$. We also present several numerical results in which our lower bounds based on the trace distance outperform recently obtained lower bounds.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

HOW HITTING THE HURDLE AFFECTS PERFORMANCE IN THE 110 M HURDLES

This study aimed to clarify the kinematic factors of hurdle hitting and its effect on the performance in 110-m Hurdles. Three male hurdlers volunteered. The trial which from start to the second hurdle was conducted about 20 times and these trials were recorded by motion capture system with 240 Hz. From all trials, 19 Non-Hitting Trials (NHT) and 33 Hitting Trials (HT) were classified. Kinematic variables and hitting grade, which is a value obtained by root mean square of the acceleration of hurdle’s bar, were calculated. As a result, the cause of hitting the hurdle was the low height of centre of mass (CoM) of the body at the take-off. Moreover, hitting grade was correlated with decrease in velocity by hurdle hitting during the hurdle clearance phase (r = 0.43). Furthermore, a decrease in running speed after landing at the first hurdle was also confirmed in HT trials

Russell's metaphysical accounts of logic

Bertrand Russell’s works on logic, despite his reputation as a founder of mathematical logic, appear unnecessarily metaphysical and even naïve to contemporary logicians and philosophers. He offered several accounts of logic whilst pursuing the goal of logicism, the view of mathematics as reducible to logic. In their attempts to explain why those accounts look naïve nowadays, many commentators have sought one or another simple philosophical doctrine which can characterise his conception of logic. Instead of thus assuming a coherent theme underlying his works on logic, I propose to understand them as a shift from a conception of logic towards another. By looking into books, papers and manuscripts which he wrote during the period from 1898 to 1918, I argue that he inherited an antique, metaphysical conception of logic from his idealist predecessors and, through his attempts to replace some idealistic features of the conception with his realist alternatives, he became more sympathetic to—though never fully convinced of—a linguistic conception of logic, which was proposed by some of his contemporary logicians and has been widely accepted since then

Regional differences in the incidence of severe brain damage in survivors with cardiac disease and witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background: Brain damage can occur after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) leading to permanent disability.Aims: This study investigated the incidence of severe brain damage and associated risk factors in survivors with cardiac disease after OHCA.Methods: The Utstein database for Japan was used to identify 23,640 survivors with cardiac disease and witnessed OHCA between 2005 and 2012. Survivors were assessed at 1 month. Odds ratios (ORs) for the incidence of severe brain damage according to regional variables were determined with logistic regression analysis.Results: The incidence of severe brain damage was 37.3%. Automated external defibrillator use and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were associated with significant improvement in cerebral function; adrenaline administration and longer duration from request for transport until hospital arrival were associated with deterioration of cerebral function. Twenty of 47 prefectures showed significant ORs for the incidence of severe brain damage.Conclusion: Regional differences in the incidence of severe brain damage were found among survivors with cardiac disease and witnessed OHCA

Segregation of Cu-In-S Elements in the Spray-Pyrolysis-Deposited Layer of CIS Solar Cells

We report the fabrication of superstrate-structured solar cells by the deposition of Cu-In-S (CIS) films on 〈glass/FTO/TiO2/In2S3〉 under air by spray pyrolysis. The cells had an open-circuit voltage of 0.551 V, a photocurrent density of 9.5 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 0.45, and a conversion efficiency of 2.14%. However, transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX) analysis revealed significant differences between the atomic ratio of the setting material in the spray-deposition solution and the elements in the layer. Moreover, TEM-EDX measurements suggested strong segregation of the Cu-In-S elements in the spray-pyrolysis-deposited layer. The degree of segregation depended on the substrate (〈glass〉, 〈glass/TiO2〉, or 〈glass/TiO2/In2S3〉), although Cu3In5S9 nanoparticles were segregated in the sulfur layer