Formation of local temperature regime in the room: personal ventilation system

The peculiarities of a person’s metabolism are related to the state of health, age, and other personality traits, which determines the need for a personal value of the ambient air temperature. Individualization of work and recreation of people requires the creation of local temperature zones in the room with the air temperature necessary for a particular person, which will increase labor productivity, reduce morbidity, since the stress of the human thermoregulation system will be minimal. In addition, the personalization of the microclimate in the workplace in the room with the creation of local temperature zones will allow you not to waste heat and electricity where it is not needed, creating additional opportunities for energy saving potential in the premises of the building. The article deals with the personalization of the operation of the ventilation system in the room with the formation of vertical conical air jets coming from the ceiling of the room to the workplace, considering the requirements of regulatory documents for the air velocity in the working area of the room

Gaseous and thermal analysis of winter garden used for air regeneration throughout office buildings

Ecological problems are inherent in the issue of air quality in the buildings. The main goal thus becomes the creation of indoor clime, where concentration of the detrimental impurities, such as carbon dioxide, would not exceed established norms. Thus, it is proposed to develop an alternative system of ventilation, which would ensure necessary indoor climate without outside air use. In order to decrease the levels of it inside the buildings, it is suggested to use a winter garden with much greenery, so that the air would be regenerated since the carbon dioxide would be absorbed and oxygen would be evolved. The current work reveals the study results of thermal, air and gas conditions in a winter garden upon the office building. The proposed methodology based on the ANSYS-CFX software, ensures a successful calculation of heating and aerial regimes within buildings that might differ in accordance with various engineering practices

Augmented Reality and AI: An Experimental Study of Worker Productivity Enhancement

The purpose of this experimental investigation is to determine how worker productivity may be enhanced by Augmented Reality (AR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Participants in the AR condition reported completing tasks 16% faster on average and receiving a high user satisfaction rating of 4.56 out of 5. Participants in the AI condition reported a 4.3 feedback rating and a 13% decrease in task completion time. Surprisingly, productivity increased by a remarkable 22% with an average score of 62 when AR and AI were coupled. These results demonstrate how AR and AI technologies may significantly increase worker productivity in real-world work environments, highlighting their importance for companies looking to maximize labor effectiveness and decision-making procedures

Energy saving in the formation of covered courtyards

In the city in the winter going outside the house you find yourself in a slippery and snowy weather with frosts and wind of different intensity. Forming covered with translucent roofs courtyards and streets can improve the quality of life of citizens. At the same time, in summer, at elevated outdoor temperatures, it is possible to create the required microclimate for people by blocking yards and streets and adding engineering systems that form the microclimate. Transport should be removed from such yards and streets, except for electric cars and bicycles, which will reduce the gas contamination and dust of these protected spaces. To form a year-round comfortable space for people in the covered yard, it is necessary to analyse the temperature regime. The most difficult is the thermal regime of the covered yard in the warm period of the year, when the heat flow from solar radiation in conjunction with the high temperatures of the outside air form the temperature of the indoor air in the covered yard. Thermal behaviour of the covered courtyard during the warmer period of the year considered in this article

Heat recovery by means of a ventilation unit

Energy consumption all over the world is constantly growing. To save energy, new technologies are being developed for the efficient use of energy resources. The goal of all new developments is to use less energy to provide the same level of energy supply for technological processes or buildings. The problem of energy saving is relevant for the ventilation system. Together with the removed air, a large amount of heat is lost, which is not advisable. In order to avoid these losses, heat recuperators began to be used, heating the cold supply air due to the warm air removed from the room. This development belongs to the field of energy saving. The goal is to increase efficiency by reheating the air after the heater with the help of a recuperator for a given temperature difference in the supply air before and after the recuperative heat exchanger. The development is a design of a ventilation unit with air removal and supply air ducts, combined into one housing with a separate, according to the “screw” principle, heat transfer wall, for use in the ventilation system in order to ensure an optimal microclimate in the room. Thus, as a result of using the presented device, the efficiency of the room ventilation unit is increased by reducing the energy consumption for heating the supply air with a heater

Using Phase Change Materials (PCM) to Reduce Energy Consumption in Buildings

The article discusses the use of phase change materials (PCM) to enhance thermal energy storage (TES) in residential buildings. The building sector consumes a significant amount of energy, and energy efficiency is crucial in reducing overall energy consumption. PCM has emerged as a promising approach to decrease energy consumption for space cooling and heating in buildings. The article uses DesignBuilder software to evaluate the energy consumption of a residential building. EnergyPlus is the calculation method used by DesignBuilder. The researchers considered a baseline dwelling house located in Moscow and used EnergyPlus, a simulation tool, to analyze the performance of building components integrated with PCM to reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature. The study used the one-dimensional finite difference conductivity (CondFD) algorithm in EnergyPlus to simulate a building element with PCM. Using BioPCM M91/Q23 can significantly reduce heating and cooling costs. The article concludes that integrating PCM into building components can improve indoor thermal comfort, reduce energy demand for heating and cooling, and enhance occupant comfort. The use of PCM has the potential to mitigate the effects of outdoor temperature changes on indoor thermal comfort, making it a cost-effective and clean energy-saving material

Moisture transfer in outer walls with layers of different density

The need to protect external walls from excess moisture to improve heat-shielding properties is an urgent task. If the outer wall is created from expanded clay concrete blocks, then the most interesting are the blocks created by layer-by-layer moulding, in which each layer can have its own given density. In such blocks, each layer has its own coefficients of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability, which allows you to select the required heat transfer resistance and vapor permeability of the outer wall for a specific region, taking into account the characteristics of the climate. The ability to have external walls with different material densities inside makes it possible to implement energy saving tasks in the building. The article discusses options for external walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks with layers with different densities and coefficients of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability. Changing the location of layers with different densities inside the blocks changes the local values of the vapor permeability resistance, which leads to a different nature of the movement of water vapor inside the wall in winter. It is good when water vapor does not accumulate in the wall; it does not condense and freely goes into the external environment. A dry wall is more durable, it loses less heat in winter. Changes in partial pressures at full saturation and with existing humidity inside the expanded clay concrete block for layers of different densities in winter are considered to determine the possible condensation from water vapor inside the wall. Layer-by-layer moulding of building materials improves their properties to increase resistance to heat transfer and to form a dry and more durable outer wall

FEATURES OF HEAT LEAKAGE INTO SOIL BODY OF UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION COLLECTOR

In the article the heat balance of underground communication collector is presented as well as the main types of heat leakages of underground structures into soil body. The authors consider such calculation methods as Forchheimer formula, the calculation method of Prof. V.D. Machinsky, the method of Teploelektroproekt Institute and the formula of Prof. O.E. Vlasov. The applied calculation methods give the possibility to estimate the necessary power of heating system depending on the season for an underground collector situated at different depths under the ground level