The Modern Russian-Speaking Communities in the World: Formation, Assimilation and Adaptation in Host Societies

Modern Diasporas are not just historically dispersed peoples, united by common ethno-cultural roots, maintaining real or imaginary ties with their historic homelands. Modern Diasporas should be viewed as strategically vital trans-national networks with remarkable social, political and economic potential. The Russian Diaspora of today has formed in unique historical circumstances, as the consequence of the break-up of the Soviet Union, the formation of new nation-states in its place, and a massive wave of emigration from this area since the early 1990s. This paper will examine the global nature of the contemporary Russian Diaspora, both in the West and in the Far East. Focusing on the example of the USA, Finland, Cyprus, Japan and Korea, it will examine the statistical size of this Diaspora, its ambiguous ethno-cultural composition, its patterns of integration and assimilation, its forms of diasporic self-organization and support, and, finally, the creation of Diaspora-based business, professional, socio-cultural and educational networks. Furthermore, this paper will look at how these diasporic groups represent the Russian Federation abroad and the role that they increasingly play in Russian diplomacy and foreign policy. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s4p15

The effect of COVID-19 on labour migration in the CIS

This study responds to the need for measures to mitigate the effects of national actions to slow the spread of COVID-19. National responses are dynamic processes and thus an elusive, albeit important, object of study. The governments of most CIS countries acted promptly and decisively in countering the pandemic. The comprehensive measures have had a serious impact on citizens’ mobility and employment situation. Among the affected are millions of migrants working in the CIS. This article offers a comparative analysis, followed by synthesis, of the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as seen through the prism of employment and the situation of migrant workers in the CIS. Another focus is the restriction and support measures and how they have affected migrants. A range of qualitative and quantitative data was collated on the situation of migrant workers during COVID-19 restriction in the Russian Federation and across the CIS. The findings suggest that the lack of international coordination in tackling COVID-19 has complicated the situation of migrant workers, who suffer from the closure of borders and the absence of adequate social support. The article explores problems faced by migrant workers in the current crisis and proposes measures to alleviate them

Three-Dimensional Visualization of Gammaherpesvirus Life Cycle in Host Cells by Electron Tomography

SummaryGammaherpesviruses are etiologically associated with human tumors. A three-dimensional (3D) examination of their life cycle in the host is lacking, significantly limiting our understanding of the structural and molecular basis of virus-host interactions. Here, we report the first 3D visualization of key stages of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 life cycle in NIH 3T3 cells, including viral attachment, entry, assembly, and egress, by dual-axis electron tomography. In particular, we revealed the transient processes of incoming capsids injecting viral DNA through nuclear pore complexes and nascent DNA being packaged into progeny capsids in vivo as a spool coaxial with the putative portal vertex. We discovered that intranuclear invagination of both nuclear membranes is involved in nuclear egress of herpesvirus capsids. Taken together, our results provide the structural basis for a detailed mechanistic description of gammaherpesvirus life cycle and also demonstrate the advantage of electron tomography in dissecting complex cellular processes of viral infection

Between the Eurasian and European subsystems: migration and migration policy in the CIS and Baltic Countries in the 1990s - 2020s

The article analyses migration from border countries (the so-called overlapping area) of two migration subsystems - Eurasian (centred in the Russian Federation) and European (the European Union) from 1991 to 2021 (before the recent events in Ukraine). A step-by-step analysis of the migration situation in the countries of the former USSR - Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine and Estonia was conducted. The article examines bilateral and multilateral migration processes, analyses the main factors influencing their development and explores migration policy measures and their impact on the regulation of migration processes in the countries of the overlapping area. These countries, located between the two centres of major migration subsystems in Eurasia (Eurasian and European, or, in other words, between the Russian Federation and the core of the EU), are subject to their strong influence and 'competitive gravitation'. The strength of this gravitation depends not only on pull and push factors but also on the attractiveness and non-attractiveness of the migration policies prevailing in these migration subsystems at a given point in time

VUV photochemistry of the H2O center dot center dot center dot CO complex in noble-gas matrices : formation of the OH center dot center dot center dot CO complex and the HOCO radical

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, 130-170 nm) photochemistry of the H2O center dot center dot center dot CO complex is studied by matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy. The H2O center dot center dot center dot CO complexes in Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices are generated by ultraviolet (UV, 193 and 250 nm) photolysis of formic acid (HCOOH). VUV photolysis of the H2O center dot center dot center dot CO complexes is found to lead to the formation of the OH center dot center dot center dot CO radical-molecule complexes and trans-HOCO radicals. It is shown that the matrix material, local matrix morphology, and possibly the H2O center dot center dot center dot CO complex geometry strongly affect the VUV photolysis pathways. The intrinsic reactivity of the matrix-isolated OH center dot center dot center dot CO complex resulting in the formation of trans-HOCO is directly demonstrated for the first time. This reaction occurs in Ar, Kr, and Xe matrices upon annealing above 25 K and may proceed over the barrier. The case of a Ne matrix is very special because the formation of trans-HOCO from the OH center dot center dot center dot CO complex is observed even at the lowest experimental temperature (4.5 K), which is in sharp contrast to the other matrices. It follows that quantum tunneling is probably involved in this process in the Ne matrix at such a low temperature. Infrared light also promotes this reaction in the Ne matrix at 4.5 K, which is not the case in the other matrices. The last findings show the effect of the environment on the tunneling and infrared-induced rates of this fundamental chemical reaction.Peer reviewe

Economic and Socio-Demographic Effects of Global Climate Change

The article discusses the main challenges and threats of global climate change and their impact on economic and socio-demographic processes in the countries most exposed to climate change. In world politics the topic of global climate change is not new, and every year more countries participate in international programs to reduce the impact of climate change on social, economic, demographic and even geopolitical processes. The problem of climate change is not local in nature and affects the entire group of countries and even continents. According to the intergovernmental group of experts of the UNPO, in the period 1880 to 2012, global average temperatures have risen by 0.85 degrees Celsius (The official website of UNPO, 2015). At the same time, every year more and more countries feel the consequences of climate change. According to the world organization for migration, in 2014, more than 19,3 million people were forced to change their place of permanent residence in connection with climatic factors (Gemenne et al., 2015). The loss of the world economy is measured in billions of US dollars. Keywords: economic processes, economic consequences of climate change, social instability, demographic threat JEL Classifications: J10, J19, Q5

Methodological approach to assess the efficiency of the implementation and practical use of the results of scientific research

Accelerated implementation of scientific research results significantly increases the rate of economic growth. However, the complexity and laboriousness of the production of innovative products for various purposes requires the development of new approaches to assess the effectiveness of the processes of its implementation. The article substantiates a modern methodological approach to assess the effectiveness of innovative products. It allows identifying the most promising areas for its implementation, as well as the use of the accumulated scientific potential. In addition, the developed approach makes it possible to assess the significance of the scientific results of scientific, technical and technological programs, systematically analyze the prospects for their application and choose the most effective ways of their practical implementation

Technology for Obtaining Tangential Holes in the Shell of the Combustion Chamber of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine

Method of obtaining tangential holes in the shell of a combustion chamber of liquid-propellant rocket engine is presented in this article. Advantages and disadvantages of technologies for making small diameter holes are consired. The developed technology and tooling made it possible to obtain small diameter holes designed to swirl the coolant flow in the veil belt of the combustion chamber shell. As a result, material and labor costs were reduced in the manufacture of engine components

Manufacturing Technology of Multilayer Metal Filters

The article presents methods for obtaining micro-holes in the manufacture of fine metal filter elements. The analysis of the results of experimental studies of filter samples with holes made by electron beam and electroerosion perforation methods is carried out. The advantages of using multilayer structures in the manufacture of filters are substantiated. The research works carried out contribute to improving the manufacturability of products of new generations of technology, which is important for mechanical engineering