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    Impact of mechanical activation of reactant powders on the solid-state-densification of Zn1-xLixO and Zn0.7Li0.28Mg0.02O ceramics

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    This paper presents effects of powder mechanical activation and controlled sintering on the densification properties of ZnO ceramics with Lithium (Li) and Magnesium (Mg) dopants. Dense bodies of Zn1-xLixO and Zn0.7Li0.28Mg0.02O ceramics were prepared via solid-state-reaction of mechanically activated mixtures of ZnO, Li2CO3 and MgO reactant raw powders. The density, surface microstructure, porosity and phase purities of the ceramics were investigated with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The study highlights mechanical activation processes such as milling, calcination and compaction steps that are needed to overcome complicated interactive reactions during conventional sintering of Zn1-xLixO and Zn0.7Li0.28Mg0.02O ceramics that have been reported to show ferroelectric behavior. The results show that, densely packed single phase Zn1-xLixO and Zn0.7Li0.28Mg0.02O ceramics with average relative density values above 96% and single phase hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure were achieved at a sintering temperature of 1000 °C for 2 h in air
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