Ethanol-water pulp enzymatic pretreatment: chemical and FTIR-PCA analyses

Pulps obtained from ethanol/water cooking of sugarcane bagasse were treated at different times using xylanase enzyme obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus IOC-4145 or commercially (Cartazyme HS, Sandoz Products Ltd.). The enzyme dosage was 18 IU per g of dry pulp and the time varied from 4 h to 12 h. When xylanase from T. lanuginosus was used, the kappa number and viscosity improved independently of the processing time used (4 h, 8 h, and 12 h). After chemical evaluation, the obtained pulps were classified using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis. The results showed that the first three principal components explained more than 90 % of the total variance of the pulp spectra.FAPESP; CNPq

Produced Water: An overview of treatment technologies

Produced water is one of the single most significant waste streams in the oil and gas industry, and because it is a residue of complex chemical composition, it can\u27t be simply discarded in the environment, it should receive appropriate treatments before. This paper presents a mapping of the quantitative evolution, referring to the leading publications on the study of water produced with a focus on treatments. A bibliometric method was then adopted to build a structured database with the selected articles and then analyzed the number of publications, countries, areas of impact, authors, keywords, periodicals, and affiliations. The thematic has proved to be an essential line of research over the years. The analysis was considered in the period between 1969 and 2017. Several indicators were observed regarding the development of academic and technological research on water produced as well as its treatment processes. The study was performed in the Scopus database search engine to gather data, and 2434 documents were identified, with 851 articles investigated more specifically. This paper highlights the need for constant future studies about the produced water to minimize not only pollution but also reduce operating costs

Metadata analysis of systematic literature reviews on academic spin-offs: an overview of reviews

Besides assuming the role of teaching, research, and extension, the university, has expanded the boundaries of scientific knowledge to promote a business ecosystem. The business-related activities can be driven by the leadership of students with an entrepreneurial capacity, based on the technology transfer produced by the academic research and generated by companies that somehow have been idealized or had the active participation of the faculty members and the technology under their control. This model of companies, named in the literature as academic spin-off, has increased the attention of researchers at two main points: i. understanding the phenomenon itself and ii. contribute to identifying the lack of the process, whether related to the support structure or capacitation of faculty members to develop the entrepreneurial activities, as well as in understanding the commercialization of knowledge as technology transfer. In this context, the present work provided a metadata analysis of systematic literature reviews on the academic spin-off, mapping the knowledge on the subject and searching for reviews that cover the technology transfer models to study the viability of protecting the academic intellectual property as a product. Methodology: the data used in this study were retrieved from the database Web of Science and revised according to the protocol Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The bibliometric analysis of metadata was conducted in RStudio software with the package Bibliometrix and its web interface Biblioshiny. Results: 40 review articles published in peer-reviewed journals from 2006 to 2021 were selected from the initial collection. Then, as result of the bibliometric analysis, it was obtained the data of production indices (main authors, sources, and most cited articles), the evolution of chronological discussion on the subject, and other complementary. Conclusion: it was found indications of studies that discuss technology transfer models and others that examined empiric models in the academic scenario. However, in the selected collection, was not identified any review papers on academic entrepreneurship that were related to the viability of intellectual property as products to be commercialized. Also, it was identified that the word academic entrepreneurship stands out as the main keyword word to represent the research

Systematic Literature Review on Academic Entrepreneurship by Bibliometric Metadata Analysis

The purpose of this article is to map the field of Academic Entrepreneurship focusing on the search for models that evaluate the viability of intellectual property as a product. The study was based on articles retrieved from the Web of Science database covering the period from 1988 to 2020, where the metadata data analysis was carried out using the RStudio software, bibliometrix package, and the web interface Biblioshiny, and a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol, Extension for Scoping Reviews. The findings revealed that the main objectives of studies on academic entrepreneurship are related to the analysis of human (training, leadership, and motivation), physical and management resources, as they are pointed out as the most necessary incentives to improve universities AE. Therefore, it was concluded that most models on AE are for the evaluation of the development of entrepreneurship in the academic environment and there is a research gap to develop models aiming at the commercialization of intellectual property

Studies of lignin and polysaccharides recovery from kraft liquor for biotechnological applications

According to the biorefinery concept, this study has the objective of evaluating alternatives for the valorization of all the kraft liquor fractions. This liquor consists mainly in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Currently, cellulose pulp industries recover the cooking chemicals by burning and energy is introduced into the process. Sustainable development guidelines, regarding the costs and wastes reduction and biotechnology principles may present new solutions for the production of valuable products. In this study, two methods for the polysaccharides extraction, in three different pH conditions, are presented. The only difference between these methods is the solvent applied: ethanol and 1,4‐dioxane. All the samples were maintained 24 h at 298 K. After a filtration step, the solid fraction resultant from the ethanol treatment had a carbohydrate content of 40.51%, 44.64% and 49.53%, for pH values of 3, 4 and 6, respectively. The treatment with 1,4‐dioxane, reached the following values: 21.17%, 18.41% and 29.73% for the same pH values. These results were obtained with HPLC analysis after polysaccharides hydrolysis. Three unknown peaks were detected that we considered to be sugar derivative compounds. Thus, the polysaccharides contents, for both treatments, might actually be superior. Concerning to the product purity, the ethanol extraction revealed to be the less efficient. The lignin content in the solid fraction, ranged between 28% and 31%, with 1,4‐dioxane extraction, and between 40% and 50%, with ethanol. The lignin molecular weight was determined with GPC, after and before liquor pH lowering. Thereby, for pH 6, pH 4 and pH 3 the obtained MWs were: 2376 Da, 1477 Da and 3705 Da, respectively. The molecular weight increase may be due to the lignin repolymerization. These results suggest that the polysaccharides recovery and lignin molecular weight may be related. As the molecular weight increases or decreases, the polysaccharides percentage presents the same behavior, regardless of the product purity. The data obtained after FT‐IR analysis suggested that there was no significant modifications on lignin structure. Summarizing, these preliminary results indicate that there is a possibility of recovering the kraft liquor´s polysaccharide while the residual lignin can still be used for burning to energy recovery.Erasmus Mundus ‐ ISAC ProgramFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)Millipore BrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Brazil - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CNPq‐CAPES