DMN hub configurations preceding acupuncture and following acupuncture at ST36 or NAP within the theta band (P<0.05, FDR corrected).

<p>The DMN hubs are indicated in red which are denoted as at least one standard deviation greater than the average degree of the network. The strength of the functional connectivity was expressed by the thickness of the green line. L, left; R, right; MFG, medial frontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; AG, angular gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; MTG, middle temporal gyrus.</p

DMN hub configurations preceding acupuncture and following acupuncture at ST36 or NAP within the gamma band (P<0.05, FDR corrected).

<p>The DMN hubs are indicated in red which are denoted as at least one standard deviation greater than the average degree of the network. The strength of the functional connectivity was expressed by the thickness of the green line. L, left; R, right; MFG, medial frontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; AG, angular gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; MTG, middle temporal gyrus.</p

DMN hub configurations preceding acupuncture and following acupuncture at ST36 or NAP within the alpha band (P<0.05, FDR corrected).

<p>The DMN hubs are indicated in red which are denoted as at least one standard deviation greater than the average degree of the network. The strength of the functional connectivity was expressed by the thickness of the green line. L, left; R, right; MFG, medial frontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus; STG, superior temporal gyrus; AG, angular gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; MTG, middle temporal gyrus.</p

Results of regional homogeneity (ReHo) shown as a Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (KCC) map across all subjects for MCI patients and healthy controls during resting state and post-acupuncture resting state (p<0.05, FDR correction).

<p>Results of regional homogeneity (ReHo) shown as a Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (KCC) map across all subjects for MCI patients and healthy controls during resting state and post-acupuncture resting state (p<0.05, FDR correction).</p

Brain areas with significant different ReHo values in the healthy controls after acupuncture at <i>P</i><0.01 (Alphasim corrected, <i>p</i><0.01, 30 voxels).

<p>Brain areas with significant different ReHo values in the healthy controls after acupuncture at <i>P</i><0.01 (Alphasim corrected, <i>p</i><0.01, 30 voxels).</p

Brain areas with significant different ReHo values between healthy controls and MCI patients after acupuncture at <i>P</i><0.01 (Alphasim corrected, <i>p</i><0.01, 30 voxels).

<p>Brain areas with significant different ReHo values between healthy controls and MCI patients after acupuncture at <i>P</i><0.01 (Alphasim corrected, <i>p</i><0.01, 30 voxels).</p

Experimental paradigm.

<p>Panel A indicated that acupuncture stimulation was performed at acupoint ST36 on the right leg (Zusanli, arrow pointing to dark pink dot). Panel B indicated that needling was performed at a nearby nonacupoint on the right leg (NAP, arrow pointing to dark cyan dot). The red line refers to needle administration, and the green line represents no acupuncture manipulation with needle inserted, the blue line indicates a 6-minute resting state or post-acupuncture resting state.</p

The functional connectivity between the DMN key nodes and their alterations induced by acupuncture within the gamma band (30–48 Hz).

<p>The maximum of the 4 pairwise connections obtained from the two ROIs located in both hemispheres was defined as the connectivity between the two nodes (one sample <i>t</i>-test, <i>P</i><0.05). Significant alterations induced by acupuncture at ST36 relative to NAP were based on the paired <i>t</i>-test (<i>P</i><0.05) or with the emergence/suspension of functional connectivity following acupuncture compared with the resting state.</p

The functional connectivity between the DMN key nodes and their alterations induced by acupuncture within the theta band (4–8 Hz).

<p>The maximum of the 4 pairwise connections obtained from the two ROIs located in both hemispheres was defined as the connectivity between the two nodes (one sample <i>t</i>-test, <i>P</i><0.05). Significant alterations induced by acupuncture at ST36 relative to NAP were based on the paired <i>t</i>-test (<i>P</i><0.05) or with the emergence/suspension of functional connectivity following acupuncture compared with the resting state.</p

Brain areas with significant different ReHo values between MCI and HC groups during the resting state are shown.

<p>Warm and cool colors indicate the significantly increased and decreased ReHo values in MCI patients compared with healthy controls at P<0.01 (Alphasim corrected, p<0.01, 30 voxels). (Abbreviation: PCG- Precentral Gyrus).</p