13 research outputs found
Biomimetic Polymer Film with Brilliant Brightness Using a One‐Step Water Vapor–Induced Phase Separation Method
Multidisciplinary approaches to moving and handling for formal and informal carers in community palliative care
Health professionals such as nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists provide a wealth of support in the community to patients and their carers receiving palliative care. Moving and handling is one such support that needs careful consideration and assessment including risk, by appropriately qualified professionals. A combination of skills are required as well as knowledge of up to date equipment to assist the health professional in deciding how to formulate safe moving and handling interventions in a timely way. Patients with palliative care needs and their carers should be given the appropriate care and support necessary using a holistic, flexible and patient-centred approach to service delivery
816 RIBAVIRIN DOSE REDUCTION DURING TELAPREVIR CONTAINING TRIPLE THERAPY DOES NOT AFFECT EARLY VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN NON-RESPONDERS AND RELAPSERS WITH ADVANCED LIVER FIBROSIS
Crystal structure, vibrational spectra and thermal decomposition of a new tetrazinc(II) dipyrophosphate decahydrate, Zn4(P2O7)2 < eqid1 > ?10H2O
Group A PP2Cs evolved in land plants as key regulators of intrinsic desiccation tolerance
Unique Responsiveness of Angiosperm Stomata to Elevated CO2 Explained by Calcium Signalling
Evolution of the bHLH Genes Involved in Stomatal Development: Implications for the Expansion of Developmental Complexity of Stomata in Land Plants
Trade-offs and synergies in the structural and functional characteristics of leaves photosynthesizing in aquatic environments
Aquatic plants, comprising different divisions of embryophytes, derive from terrestrial ancestors. They have evolved to live in water, both fresh and salty, an environment that presents unique challenges and opportunities for photosynthesis and growth. These include, compared to air, a low water stress, a greater density, and attenuation of light, and a more variable supply of inorganic carbon, both in concentration and chemical species, but overall a lower carbon availability, and the opportunity to take up nutrients from the water. The leaves of many aquatic plants are linear, dissected, whorled, or cylindrical with a large volume of air spaces. They tend to have a high specific leaf area, thin cuticles, and usually lack functional stomata. Exploiting the availability of chemicals in their environment, freshwater macrophytes may incorporate silica in their cell wall, while seagrasses contain sulphated polysaccharides, similar to those of marine macroalgae; both groups have low lignin content.
This altered cell wall composition produces plants that are more flexible and therefore more resistant to hydraulic forces (mechanical stress arising from water movement). Aquatic plants may have enhanced light harvesting complexes conferring shade adaptation, but also have mechanisms to cope with high light. Aquatic plants have evolved numerous strategies to overcome potential carbon-limitation
in water. These include growing in micro-environments
where CO2 is high, producing leaves and roots that exploit CO2 from the air or sediment and operating concentrating mechanisms that increase CO2 (CCM) around the primary
carboxylating enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. These comprise C4 metabolism, crassulacean acid metabolism, and the ability to exploit the often high concentrations of HCO3−, and ~50% of freshwater macrophytes and ~85% of seagrasses have one or more CCM. Many of these adaptations involve trade-offs between conflictin constraints and opportunities while others represent ‘synergies’ that help to maximize the productivity of this important group of plants