Thermal Stability of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene)-Polystyrenesulfonic Acid Electrical Properties,

Date du colloque : 07/2008International audienc

Trends and challenges in VLSI technology scaling towards 100 nm

Summary form only given. Moore's Law drives VLSI technology to continuous increases in transistor densities and higher clock frequencies. This tutorial will review the trends in VLSI technology scaling in the last few years and discuss the challenges facing process and circuit engineers in the 100nm generation and beyond. The first focus area is the process technology, including transistor scaling trends and research activities for the 100nm technology node and beyond. The transistor leakage and interconnect RC delays will continue to increase. The tutorial will review new circuit design techniques for emerging process technologies, including dual Vt transistors and silicon-on-insulator. It will also cover circuit and layout techniques to reduce clock distribution skew and jitter, model and reduce transistor leakage and improve the electrical performance of flip-chip packages. Finally, the tutorial will review the test challenges for the 100nm technology node due to increased clock frequency and power consumption (both active and passive) and present several potential solution

Structural and electrical properties of zinc oxides thin films prepared by thermal oxidation

We report on zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films (d = 55–120 nm) prepared by thermal oxidation, at 623 K, of metallic zinc films, using a flash-heating method. Zinc films were deposited in vacuum by quasi-closed volume technique onto unheated glass substrates in two arrangements: horizontal and vertical positions relative to incident vapour. Depending on the preparation conditions, both quasi-amorphous and (0 0 2) textured polycrystalline ZnO films were obtained. The surface morphologies were characterized by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. By in situ electrical measurements during two heating–cooling cycles up to a temperature of 673 K, an irreversible decrease of electrical conductivity of as flash-oxidized Zn films was revealed. The influence of deposition arrangement and oxidation conditions on the structural, morphological and electrical properties of the ZnO films is discussed

Work functions of self-assembled monolayers on metal surfaces

Using first-principles calculations we show that the work function of noble metals can be decreased or increased by up to 2 eV upon the adsorption of self-assembled monolayers of organic molecules. We identify the contributions to these changes for several (fluorinated) thiolate molecules adsorbed on Ag(111), Au(111) and Pt(111) surfaces. The work function of the clean metal surfaces increases in this order, but adsorption of the monolayers reverses the order completely. Bonds between the thiolate molecules and the metal surfaces generate an interface dipole, whose size is a function of the metal, but it is relatively independent of the molecules. The molecular and bond dipoles can then be added to determine the overall work function.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Role of ITO and PEDOT:PSS in Stability / Degradation of Polymer: Fullerene Bulk Heterojonctios Solar Cells

Date du colloque : 06/2008</p

The sphenozygomatic fissure

The lateral (temporal) wall of the orbit separates it from the temporal fossa and the anterior part of the temporal muscle. Within this wall, the sphenozygomatic suture joins the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone. We retrospectively documented in cone-beam computed tomography the anatomy of the orbit in a 56-year-old female and we found a previously unreported anatomic variant. The greater wing of the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone were separated, bilaterally, by a large unossified space which we termed the sphenozygomatic fissure. This was merged inferiorly with the inferior orbital fissure. A possible imbalanced mechanism of membranous ossification of both the zygomatic bone and the orbital surface of the greater wing could be speculated as a possible cause for such sphenozygomatic fissure. This previously undocumented anatomic variant is of high clinical relevance, since it may allow orbital fat to herniate (or bulge) toward the temporal fossa, it may be easily damaged during minor trauma and it should be carefully approached during the surgery of the orbit through the lateral wall