A3_11 Energy from rip currents

 The power contained within typical a rip current is estimated, and a simple calculation is made of the amount that could be extracted and used. Technical difficulties with scaling up the process to provide a significant contribution to energy needs are discussed, and conclude that natural rip current power is not suited to large scale electricity generation

A3_8 If You Want Blood (You've Got It)

 This paper explores the possibility of estimating the density of red blood cells in a one millimetre section of vein in a human adult by measuring the temperature of the blood. The results show that this novel method gives an answer that is three orders of magnitude too large and so would be inappropriate to use in practise

A3_9 Driving up the Eiffel Tower

This paper discusses how far up the Eiffel Tower a car is able to drive, depending on the friction force that the car is able to generate. With a coefficient of static friction between rubber and solids given as between 1.0 and 4.0 it is calculated that the angle for which a car would no longer be able to drive up the tower is between 45° and 76°. It is then calculated that for the Eiffel Tower the car would not be able to drive up a surface of coefficient of friction 1.0 but for the surface of coefficient of friction 4.0 the car would be able to make it to the first platform at a height of 57m

A3_1 Can't Find Your Atlas?

In Greek Mythology the Titan Atlas was condemned by Zeus to bear the weight of the sky upon his shoulders as punishment for his rebellion. This paper explores just how titanic in stature a humanoid Atlas would have to be to perform such a task

A3_5 The Shivers

This report investigates the amount of heat energy given out from shivering, and whether the amount of heat it produces is sufficient enough to make it worthwhile. The report finds that it would require approximately 9 minutes of constant shivering to raise the temperature of an adult human by 1K, thus making the biological phenomenon useful to some extent

A3_6 Gasp of the Titans

 This paper follows the plausibility of the existence of the Greek Titan Atlas. It has previously been found that Atlas would be too large to exist on the earth if he were to hold the atmosphere. It is further found that were Atlas to siphon the earth’s atmosphere in order to breathe, he could survive if the production of oxygen by plants remains constant. There would however be an associated temperature increase due to heat transfer between the atmosphere and Atlas’s lungs

A3_10 Fancy a cuppa?

 This paper discusses how much cooler blowing air over a hot object will become using the Bernoulli equation and the perfect gas law. The conclusion is that assuming the aperture created by the lips is 1cm2 and the person is blowing as hard as they can, then the temperature in the air expelled is 16K less than the ambient temperature

Comparison of Factors Associated with Atypical Symptoms in Younger and Older Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who are accompanied by atypical symptoms are frequently misdiagnosed and under-treated. This study was conducted to examine and compare the factors associated with atypical symptoms other than chest pain in younger (<70 yr) and older (≥70 yr) patients with first-time ACS. Data were obtained from the electronic medical records of the patients (n=931) who were newly diagnosed as ACS and hospitalized from 2005 to 2006. The 7.8% (n=49) of the younger patients and 13.4% (n=41) of the older patients were found to have atypical symptoms. Older patients were more likely to complain of indigestion or abdominal discomfort (P=0.019), nausea and/or vomiting (P=0.040), and dyspnea (P<0.001), and less likely to have chest pain (P=0.007) and pains in the arm and shoulder (P=0.018). A logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment made for the gender and ACS type, diabetes and hyperlipidemia significantly predicted atypical symptoms in the younger patients. In the older patients, the co-morbid conditions such as stroke or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were positive predictors. Health care providers need to have an increased awareness of possible presence of ACS in younger persons with diabetes and older persons with chronic concomitant diseases when evaluating patients with no chest pain