The Influence of Resilience on Coping Strategies and Disordered Eating

Dit onderzoek bestudeerde het verband tussen probleemgerichte- en emotiegerichte coping en eetproblematiek en onderzocht daarnaast of mentale veerkracht de relaties tussen probleemgerichte en emotiegerichte coping enerzijds en eetproblematiek anderzijds beïnvloedt. Het doel van dit onderzoek was het verkrijgen van meer inzicht in de rol van mentale veerkracht als mogelijke moderator van de relatie tussen coping en eetproblematiek. Er is een eenmalige meting verricht bij jong volwassen vrouwen van 18 t/m 30 jaar uit de algemene populatie. Via e-mail en sociale media zijn online vragenlijsten verspreid die bruikbare gegevens opleverden van in totaal 188 vrouwen. Meetinstrumenten. Coping is gemeten middels de Utrechtse Coping Lijst (UCL) (Schreurs, Willige, van de Tellegen & Brosschot, 1988; Schreurs, Willige, van de Tellegen & Brosschot, 1993); mentale veerkracht is gemeten met behulp van de Resilience Scale-Nederlandse versie (RS-nl) (Portzky, 2008); en de mate van eetproblematiek is gemeten met de Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (Fairburn & Beglin, 1994). De resultaten hebben aangetoond dat er een significant negatief verband bestaat tussen probleemgerichte coping en mate van eetproblematiek en een significant positief verband tussen emotiegerichte coping en eetproblematiek. De negatieve samenhang tussen probleemgerichte coping en eetproblematiek bleek sterker bij een lagere mate van mentale veerkracht. De positieve samenhang tussen emotiegerichte coping en eetproblematiek bleek eveneens sterker bij een lagere mentale veerkracht. Personen met een lage mentale veerkracht en een ineffectieve (emotiegerichte of weinig probleemgerichte) copingstijl bleken de meeste eetproblemen te ervaren, bij een hoge mentale veerkracht werd de minste eetproblematiek gerapporteerd, ongeacht de gehanteerde copingstijl

Applying Tests of Equivalence for Multiple Group Comparisons: Demonstration of the Confidence Interval Approach

Assessing the comparability of different groups is an issue facing many researchers and evaluators in a variety of settings. Commonly, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is incorrectly used to demonstrate comparability when a non-significant result is found. This is problematic because a failure to find a difference between groups is not equivalent to showing that the groups are comparable. This paper provides a comparison of the confidence interval approach to equivalency testing and the more traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA) method using both continuous and rating scale data from three geographically separate medical education teaching sites. Equivalency testing is recommended as a better alternative to demonstrating comparability through its examination of whether mean differences between two groups are small enough that these differences can be considered practically unimportant and thus, the groups can be treated as equivalent. Accessed 12,813 times on https://pareonline.net from April 25, 2011 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right

Impact of Sample Size and Variability on the Power and Type I Error Rates of Equivalence Tests: A Simulation Study

The question of equivalence between two or more groups is frequently of interest to many applied researchers. Equivalence testing is a statistical method designed to provide evidence that groups are comparable by demonstrating that the mean differences found between groups are small enough that they are considered practically unimportant. Few recommendations exist regarding the appropriate use of these tests under varying data conditions. A simulation study was conducted to examine the power and Type I error rates of the confidence interval approach to equivalence testing under conditions of equal and non-equal sample sizes and variability when comparing two and three groups. It was found that equivalence testing performs best when sample sizes are equal. The overall power of the test is strongly influenced by the size of the sample, the amount of variability in the sample, and the size of the difference in the population. Guidelines are provided regarding the use of equivalence test Accessed 20,707 times on https://pareonline.net from August 16, 2014 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right

Foreign capital and Earnings Management: International Evidence from Equity Market Opening

The opening of equity markets to foreign investors provides financing opportunities and disrupts the stock ownership structure for firms in these markets. In this paper, we study the effects of equity market opening on firms’ earnings management. Using international firm-level data, we find a significantly positive effect of equity market openness on firms’ income-increasing earnings management. We show that there are substantial heterogeneous effects across industries and firms. The positive effect is more pronounced in industries that are more dependent on external financing and firms that are financially constrained, suggesting that firms’ intrinsic need for equity finance contributes to income-increasing earnings management behaviors. In addition, the effect is weaker in the presence of BigN auditors, indicating the monitoring effect of relatively more reputable auditors. Overall, our results suggest that incentives to attract financing when a country opens its equity market to foreign investors have a detrimental effect on domestic firms’ reporting bias

Does Weak Governance Cause Weak Stock Returns? An Examination of Firm Operating Performance and Investors\u27 Expectations

We investigate Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick\u27s (2003) finding that firms with weak shareholder rights exhibit significant stock market underperformance. If the relation between poor governance and poor returns is causal, we expect that the market is negatively surprised by the poor operating performance of weak governance firms. We find that firms with weak shareholder rights exhibit significant operating underperformance. However, analysts\u27 forecast errors and earnings announcement returns show no evidence that this underperformance surprises the market. Our results are robust to controls for takeover activity. Overall, our results do not support the hypothesis that weak governance causes poor stock returns

Mixed martial arts as a way of life: going beyond the black belt and engaging in life-long learning

In this qualitative study, we explored the experiences of 10 adults who trained in mixed martial arts (MMA) to understand the meaning they ascribed to attaining the black belt and their martial arts journal overall. Using a conventional content analysis, four themes were derived from the data: importance of the black belt, benefits of training in MMA, dealing with injuries, and being part of the MMA community. Training in MMA was very positive, with both individual benefits (improved physical and mental health, skill development, and personal growth) and interpersonal benefits (relationship development and sense of community) being reported. Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000) and goal setting theory (Locke & Latham, 2002) are used to discuss participants’ motivation in their pursuit of the black belt and continued training