The Effect of Auditor Knowledge Utilization in a Task on Observer Assessments of the Effect of Task Experience on Expert Potential

The study of expertise and expert-development has been and continues to be a major focus of auditing behavioral research. This paper furthers studies of the evolution of auditor expertise by augmenting Russo\u27s model of learning and expert-like behavior during performance of a field task to include observer assessments of the effect of the current task experience on an auditor\u27s potential for expert development in the future

Circadian Systems in Development and Photoperiodism in Japanese Quail.

Section I: The daily rhythm of plasma levels of adrenal corticol hormones (ACH) differed in phase and amplitude in Japanese quail of different ages and reproductive condition. Treatment with thiouracil accelerated and thyroxine delayed maturation of the ACH rhythm and development of the reproductive system. In contrast to the ACH rhythm, the rhythm of plasma thyroxine concentrations was similar at all ages tested. Section II: The roles of circadian rhythms in photoperiodism as they relate to adrenal cortical hormone (ACH) were examined in male Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Plasma ACH concentration was found to undergo circadian variations, which varied in phase with respect to the daily photoperiod depending on the length of photoperiod and condition of the reproductive system. The ACH peak occurred at light onset in sexually regressed quail maintained on LD 8:16 and at 12 and 16 hours after light onset in sexually developed quail kept on LD 8:16 or LD 16:8 respectively. In blind, sexually developed quail maintained on LD 16:8, daily injections of corticosterone for 15 days given early during the photoperiod (4 hours after light onset) induced a 40% reduction in the left testis volume (LTV) whereas injections 16 hours after light onset were ineffective. Thus, it appears that the daily rhythm of plasma concentrations of ACH and the photosensitivity rhythm are expressions of the same neural oscillation, and that injections of corticosterone at different times with respect to the photoperiod can entrain the oscillation so as to shift the photoinducible phase into or out of the light. Section III:The roles of the eyes and the daily rhythm of adrenal cortical hormone (ACH) and thyroxine in photoperiodism were examined in male Japanese quail. The reproductive system of quail developed in continuous darkness (DD) after pretreatment with LD 8:16 for 3 weeks. The reproductive system of Japanese quail raised and enucleated after 6 weeks exposure to LD 16:8 regressed initially in response to LD 8:16, but recrudesced during the next 8 months exposure to LD 8:16. Reproductively undeveloped quail raised and enucleated on LD 8:16, developed reproductively when exposed to LD 16:8 and did not regress on subsequent exposure to LD 8:16 unless treated with 0.2% 2-thiouracil in the food. . . . (Author\u27s abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI

Wormhole phase in the RST model

We show that the RST model describing the exactly soluble black hole model can have a dynamical wormhole solution along with an appropriate boundary condition. The necessary exotic matter which is usually negative energy density is remarkably produced by the quantization of the infalling matter fields. Then the asymptotic geometry in the past is two-dimensional anti-de Sitter(AdS$_2$), which implies the exotic matter is negative. As time goes on, the wormhole eventually evolves into the black hole and its Hawking radiation appears. The throat of the static RST wormhole is lower-bounded but in the presence of infalling matter it collapses to a black hole.Comment: v1. REVTeX3, 12 pages and 1 figure; v2. JHEP3, 10 pages and 1 figure, version published in JHE