Sarilumab is not Inferior to Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19

Objective. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a dangerous complication of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The study aimed to compare sarilumab (SAR group) with tocilizumab (TOC group) and patients without anticytokine treatment (CON group) in treatment of CRS in COVID-19.Methods. The retrospective real life study included COVID-19 patients with C-reactive protein(CRP)  level >60 mg/l.Results. We enrolled 24 patients in SAR group, 27 patients in TOC group and 47 patients in CON group. Mortality was lower in SAR and TOC groups than in CON group (12.5% and 14.8% vs. 31.9%; p=0.021 and p=0.031) with no difference between SAR and TOC groups (p=0.389).  SAR patients unlike TOC patients required intensive care unit admission less frequently then CON patients (16.7% and 25.9% vs. 46.3%; p=0.013 and p=0.077). An increase in oxygen saturation was observed in SAR and TOC groups (p=0.001 and p=0.004; greater in SAR group [p=0.022]), but not in CON group (p=0.764) in 7-10 days after administration of these drugs. The decrease in CRP level was greater in  SAR and TOC groups than in CON group (p=0.016 and p<0.011), with no difference between SAR and TOC groups (p=0.236).Conclusion. Sarilumab is not inferior to tocilizumab in COVID-1

REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION (THE CASE OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION (EAEU))

The process of globalization has significant influence on the national economies. Globalization brings new possibilities as well as new challenges for all actors of the world economy, while the developing supranational associations conduct a more sophisticated economic, social and structural policy, which allows both to offset the negative effects of globalization, and to improve the competitiveness of its members. The emergence of new international economic integration organizations predetermines the need to rethink the patterns of developing the models of international integration processes, especially in the context of their influence on the economies of member states under the conditions of globalization. The modern economics is not yet able to determine the full effect of the integration processes for member states. The analysis of the globalization’s indices dynamics (the KOF Index of Globalization, the DHL Global Connectedness Index (GCI)) as the indicators of countries’ engagement into global economic processes, shows the low level of regional economic integration and the mismatch of economic cycles and payment balance that impose serious constraints to their further development. Economic studies show that the EAEU members do not receive economic benefits from international integration due to many reasons, including the economic and political instability in member states that creates barriers for future prosperity of the EAEU. Using the results of practical research into regional integration problems, the authors analyze the ways to improve the situation and propose their own solutions for the identified problems. Thus, the aim of our paper is to describe the methodology for estimating the influence of regional integration on the national economies’s development under the conditions of globalization (the case of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)); to present current economic situation of countries and to show consequences of their involvement in integration processes for socio-economic development

The criteria for evaluation of efficiency of heat technical installations considering general energy costs with the aim of increasing their environmental friendliness and reducing negative effect on the environment

The features of the physical meaning of the thermal coefficient useful action (CUA) ηt as a criterion for the efficiency of reversible direct circular processes are considered. In particular, we demonstrate that accounting for all energy costs when applying ηt is made by adopting a number of assumptions by default. In order to expand the possibilities for conducting thermodynamic assessments of the efficiency of various thermal power plants, a new criterion of efficiency Ku is proposed as a coefficient that takes into account in a comparable form all types of energy spent on the implementation of the cycle. In determining the criterion Ku, useful effect obtained from the implementation of a direct circular process is considered to be the specific work of the expansion of the working fluid in the cycle. Such work, in particular, can be the work of steam expansion in the turbine. The total energy cost is the sum of the specific heat supplied to the working body in a circular process and the specific mechanical work spent in the cycle on compression and pressure increase of the working body. In particular, the work is taken into account in a comparable form-taking into account the heat that was spent on its production. The analysis of the Ku criterion is carried out. As a result of the analysis we have established that at transition from the general physical model of reception of specific work of expansion in direct circular process for which Ku criterion can be applied, to the special case assuming a number of assumptions, Ku criterion can become equal to thermal coefficient useful action of a cycle. Using the Ku criterion, the efficiency of Carnot and Rankine cycles on a saturated pair is compared. The Ku score showed that the Rankine cycle was more efficient

FINANCIAL PROVISION OF THE REGION INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: RESTRICTIONS AND RISKS

Infrastructure is a key factor in the development and maintenance of long-term economic growth, both in countries and regions. Analysis of regulatory and legal support for the development of the infrastructure investment market shows that the Russian Federation has not so far created a unified system for regulating longterm investment in infrastructure facilities, while foreign experience indicates the possibility of its construction in modern conditions. The main trends in the formation and development of the market for long-term investment in Russia are identified, and its constraints are revealed. The authors consider the restrictions and risks of financial support for the development of the region’s infrastructure, related both to demand and supply. The financing of infrastructure projects has a complex and diverse risk profile due to uniqueness, technical complexity and low liquidity of the created assets, which leads to constant adjustments and changes during design and construction, and requires adaptive management of the financial infrastructure support process. The above restrictions on investment in infrastructure are not difficult to overcome, but a range of measures is necessary for this: careful assessment of investment risk reduction instruments, knowledge of regional practices, involvement of reliable counterparts in the implementation of infrastructure projects, state protection, as well as maintenance of a favorable macroeconomic, legal and investment climate, both in the region and in the country as a whole. Taking into account the special status of financing long-term infrastructure projects, a system of incentives and measures is proposed that would, on the one hand, specifically stimulate and protect investment in infrastructure, and on the other hand, create a common quality investment environment for the preparation and implementation of infrastructure projects

METHODOLOGY OF ORGANIZATION OF INTEGRATED LESSONS OF NATURAL-SCIENCE CYCLE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TEACHING SPE STUDENTS)

In the process of transition of Russian organizations of secondary professional education to educational standards of the third generation educational process is reduced to formation of students’ competences. This article presents methodology of creating integrated lessons of natural-science cycle (for example, in physics and informatics). These lessons are constructed on the basis of interdisciplinary integration and focused on task solution. The main purpose is to teach students how to solve particular tasks in physics with the use of informatics, in particular on the basis of algorithmization and programming (Pascal language). Didactic conditions, which are the basis of the algorithm of designing corresponding tasks, are described in this article. Structural components of the integrated lessons created on the traditional principle are marked out. During the research we observed that realization of all stages of the corresponding lessons in practice allows the teacher to create educational process over the borders of disciplinary basis. This approach helps to form generalization of knowledge. Being one of the most optimal forms of education, an integrated lesson allows students to solve various educational and professional problems in non-standard situations and stimulates their cognitive activity and their involvement in the process of education and their responsibility for the result which promotes an intensification of educational process

TENDENCIES, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE BALANCED AND COMPETITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA

The article displays basic problems and it studies prospects of the development ofthe agrarian entrepreneurship in contemporary Russia. Under the conditions of theforeign economic sanctions, respective Russian counter sanctions and the Russiandirection of a large scale import substitution it is necessary to start the activity in the fieldof the creation of the conditions for the modernization of agrarian technologies ofproduction, in the creation of highly qualified information and analytical services, in thetraining the personnel for the farming, in the increase of the arable surface for workingentrepreneurs doing business in the agricultural sphere. Such measures like the increaseand qualitative improvement of public grasslands and hayfields for cattle from privatesubsidiary farms, development of agricultural cooperation in gathering, storage,processing, formation of lots of goods and the selling of the production of farms andprivate subsidiary farms, development of the infrastructure and logistic provision of ruralareas will allow creating conditions for a competitive and balanced development of theagricultural business