Left retrosigmoid craniotomy for cavernous malformation of the middle cerebellar peduncle.

We present a 25-year-old female with a history of multiple intracranial cavernous malformations complaining of vertigo. Imaging is significant for increasing size of a lesion in her left cerebellar peduncle. Given the proximity to the lateral border of the cerebellar peduncle, a retrosigmoid approach was chosen. After performing a craniotomy that exposed the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction, the dura was open and reflected. The arachnoid was sharply opened and cerebrospinal fluid was aspirated to allow the cerebellum to fall away from the petrous bone. The cerebellopontine fissure was then opened to visualize the lateral wall of the cerebellar peduncle. The cavernous malformation was entered and resected. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/P7mpVbaCiJE

Left retrosigmoid craniotomy for cavernous malformation of the middle cerebellar peduncle

We present a 25-year-old female with a history of multiple intracranial cavernous malformations complaining of vertigo. Imaging is significant for increasing size of a lesion in her left cerebellar peduncle. Given the proximity to the lateral border of the cerebellar peduncle, a retrosigmoid approach was chosen. After performing a craniotomy that exposed the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction, the dura was open and reflected. The arachnoid was sharply opened and cerebrospinal fluid was aspirated to allow the cerebellum to fall away from the petrous bone. The cerebellopontine fissure was then opened to visualize the lateral wall of the cerebellar peduncle. The cavernous malformation was entered and resected. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/P7mpVbaCiJE

Human pancreatic carcinoma (mia paca‐2) in continuous culture: Sensitivity to asparaginase

An undifferentiated human pancreatic carcinoma has been established in continuous culture and is grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium fortified with 10% fetal calf serum and 2.5% horse serum. The established cell line (MIA PaCa‐2) has a doulbing time of 40 h. The cells are large with abundant cytoplasm, exhibit a high degree of aneuploidy and have a tendency to grow on top of other cells. MIA PaCa‐2 grows in soft agar with a colony‐forming efficiency of 19%. Both MIA PaCa‐2 cells and a cell line from another pancreatic carcinoma obtained from National Cancer Institute (NCI) are sensitive to asparaginase, a property not shared by several other human tumor cell lines tested

Neodymium-YAG Laser: A New Palliative Tool in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

• Twenty-four patients with colorectal carcinoma and one patient with a recurrent, transitional-cell, vesical tumor invading the rectum but not amenable to surgical resection underwent neodymium-YAG laser therapy. There were 16 men and nine women with an average age of 75.6 years (range, 35 to 93 years). There were 14,6,1,1, and 3 tumors found in the rectum, rectosigmoid colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and ascending colon, respectively. Symptoms consisted of bleeding or partial obstruction. Twelve patients were high-risk surgical candidates, 11 patients had widespread disease, and two patients had another primary tumor not controlled by a previous surgical procedure. The tumor was eradicated in two patients. There were two complications, namely, a perforation and a rectovaginal fistula. Thirteen patients died from their disease. The remaining patients have been kept free from obstruction and bleeding.(Arch Surg 1986;121:1399-1403

C5 deposition by Western blot Analysis. C5α levels in sham and BCAS mice at thirty days in A) whole brains and B) corpus callosum homogenates.

<p>Bottom: Western Blots. Top: Relative C5α densities represented graphically (mean±SEM). Error bars are not presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0084802#pone-0084802-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1b</a>, as homogenates of three separate corpus callosum samples are combined into a single sample for each group (due to relatively small amount of tissue obtained from each corpus callosum dissection, n=3 for whole brain, n=3 for corpus callosum homogenates).</p

Reactive Microglia: IBA-1 staining for reactive microglia in the medial corpus callosum in C5 sufficient and C5 deficient mice subjected to sham and BCAS operations.

<p>Above: IBA-1 positive cell counts in each experimental group. Below: Representative coronal sections of the right corpus callosum with high magnification insert (medial corpus callosum). Bars indicate 50µm. n=10 C5D/ BCAS, n=10 C5D/ sham, n=9 C5S/ BCAS, n=9 C5S/ sham.</p

C5 deposition timeline by Western blot Analysis. C5α levels in BCAS mice at day 1 (n=3), 15 (n=3), and 30 (n=3).

<p>Bottom: Western Blots. Top: Relative C5α densities represented graphically (mean±SEM).</p