The pigment found of winter triticale plants depending on the forerunners

The article presents the results of the studies on the content and accumulation of plastid pigments in various plant organisms of Ingen 93 variety of triticale cultivated after different forerunners in 2014. It is noted that after the following forerunners: grain peas and oats + vetch in stem elongation stage chlorophyll a and b in leaves are much higher than in later phase – ear emergence, which is 15.12 mg/g of absolute dry matter and 9.28 in cereal peas and 13.02 mg / g of absolute dry matter and 8.71 mg / g of substance absolute dry matter after cloves + oats. The organisms of winter triticale accumulate different amounts of chlorophyll - the leaves 44.3-45.9%, the stems - 41.6-43.3% and 12.4% of the quantity represented throughout the plant. Higher level of chlorophyll in winter triticale plants grown after peas has contributed to the formation and higher production growth of 597 kg /ha compared to the forerunner vetch+oat

Grain legume production in Europe for food, feed and meat-substitution

Partial shifts from animal-based to plant-based proteins in human diets could reduce environmental pressure from food systems and serve human health. Grain legumes can play an important role here. They are one of the few agricultural commodities for which Europe is not nearly self-sufficient. Here, we assessed area expansion and yield increases needed for European self-sufficiency of faba bean, pea and soybean. We show that such production could use substantially less cropland (4–8%) and reduce GHG emissions (7–22% current meat production) when substituting for animal-derived food proteins. We discuss changes required in food and agricultural systems to make grain legumes competitive with cereals for farmers and how their cultivation can help to increase sustainability of European cropping systems.</p

Biological effectiveness of herbicides with active ingredient glyphosate applied in the field after crop harvesting

The paper presents a study on the biological effectiveness of two herbicides, having as active ingredient the glyphosate, against annual and perennial weeds in the field after winter wheat harvest. The experimental variants against the annual weeds were the following: the Control (1) – no herbicides, the herbicide Glyphogan 480 SL in a dose of 2.0 l/ha, and the herbicide Superklin 480 SL in the dose of 2.0 and 4.0 l/ha, respectively. The experimental variants against annual and perennial weeds were the following: the Control (2) – no herbicides, the herbicide Glyphogan 480 SL in a dose of 8.0 l/ha, and the herbicide Superklin 480 SL in the doses of 5.0 and 6.0 l/ha. There were determined 15 weed species on the experimental plots including two species of annual monocotyledonous weeds, 10 species of dicotyledonous weeds and 3 species of perennial dicotyledonous weeds. The degree of weed control based on the amount of weeds ranged from 92.2 to 100% compared with the control variant. The degree of weed control based on the green biomass of weeds ranged from 75.2 to 100% in all variants. The degree of weed control based on the dry biomass of weeds ranged from 79.0 to 100% in all variants. The studied herbicides showed a high biological effectiveness against annual weeds ranging from 87 to 100% and against perennial weeds ranging from 84 to 100%

Evaluation of the yield and some indicators of adaptivity of beans varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The article presents the results of environmental testing of five varieties of beans, bred in Research Institute of Field Crops “Selectia" in different agro-climatic zones of Moldova (North, Central, and South) within the State Commission on Crop Varieties Testing trials network. The maximum grain yield of beans was produced in North zone - 2.79 t/ha, 0.38 and 1.65 t/ha higher than medium variety productivity in Central and Southern areas, respectively. The varieties of beans taken in study showed a high degree of potential productivity realization 72,1 - 81,6%. The highest grain yield an average by zones was obtained from varieties Garofitsa - 2.30 t/ha. The studied varieties of beans showed a high percentage of realization of potential productivity 72,1-81,6%. The varieties of beans with the regression coefficient on the environmental conditions above 1 refers to the highly plastic - Garofitsa with bi = 1,30 and Aluna with bi = 1,06