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Climate change and agricultural adaptation in Sri Lanka: a review
Climate change is inevitable and will continue into the next century. Since the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka is one of the most vulnerable to climate change, a thorough understanding of climate transition is critical for formulating effective adaptation strategies. This paper provides an overview of the status of climate change and adaptation in the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka. The review clearly indicates that climate change is taking place in Sri Lanka in terms of rainfall variability and an increase in climate extremes and warming. A number of planned and reactive adaptation responses stemming from policy and farm-level decisions are reported. These adaptation efforts were fragmented and lacked a coherent connection to the national development policies and strategies. Research efforts are needed to develop and identify adaptation approaches and practices that are feasible for smallholder farmers, particularly in the dry zone where paddy and other food crops are predominately cultivated. To achieve the envisaged growth in the agricultural sector, rigorous efforts are necessary to mainstream climate change adaptation into national development policies and ensure that they are implemented at national, regional and local levels
Functional outcome of diaphyseal fractures of femur managed by closed intramedullary interlocking nailing in adults
Objective: To study the effectiveness, advantages, disadvantages and
failure rates of closed intramedullary interlocking nailing of
daiphyseal fractures of the femur in adults. Materials and Methods: A
total of 30 cases of diaphyseal femur fractures in adults, who have
been treated with closed intramedullary interlocking nailing were
studied from 2008 - 2010. Data was analyzed both with regards to the
clinical and radiological outcome to evaluate the effectiveness,
functional outcome and morbidity associated with the procedure.
Results: Average age of the patient was 27.4 years with male
preponderance. Road traffic accidnents were the most common mode of
injury; middle third shaft fractures were most commonly seen (56.66%);
comminuted and transverse fractures (63.33%) were the commonest
fracture pattern. The union rate was 96.6%. Five patients had superfi
cial infection, four had shortening of limb, and in two cases union was
delayed. Excellent to good results were seen in 86.6% cases as per
modifi ed Klaus and Klemm criteria. Consclusion: Closed intramedullary
interlocking nailing has now become the treatment of choice for closed
diaphyseal fractures of femur in adults, especially those with high
comminution, long spiral, and segmental fractures. Interlocking nail
offers the added advantages of early joint mobilization, early weight
bearing, early muscle rehabilitation, shortened hospital stay, and most
importantly early return to work and prefracture state
Functional outcome of diaphyseal fractures of femur managed by closed intramedullary interlocking nailing in adults
Objective: To study the effectiveness, advantages, disadvantages and
failure rates of closed intramedullary interlocking nailing of
daiphyseal fractures of the femur in adults. Materials and Methods: A
total of 30 cases of diaphyseal femur fractures in adults, who have
been treated with closed intramedullary interlocking nailing were
studied from 2008 - 2010. Data was analyzed both with regards to the
clinical and radiological outcome to evaluate the effectiveness,
functional outcome and morbidity associated with the procedure.
Results: Average age of the patient was 27.4 years with male
preponderance. Road traffic accidnents were the most common mode of
injury; middle third shaft fractures were most commonly seen (56.66%);
comminuted and transverse fractures (63.33%) were the commonest
fracture pattern. The union rate was 96.6%. Five patients had superfi
cial infection, four had shortening of limb, and in two cases union was
delayed. Excellent to good results were seen in 86.6% cases as per
modifi ed Klaus and Klemm criteria. Consclusion: Closed intramedullary
interlocking nailing has now become the treatment of choice for closed
diaphyseal fractures of femur in adults, especially those with high
comminution, long spiral, and segmental fractures. Interlocking nail
offers the added advantages of early joint mobilization, early weight
bearing, early muscle rehabilitation, shortened hospital stay, and most
importantly early return to work and prefracture state