Psychiatric service dog placements are associated with better daily psychosocial functioning for military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

A visual abstract reporting findings from a published manuscript (https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/671095). We studied the emotional and social health of 168 veterans, with and without service dogs for posttraumatic stress disorder, directly in their daily lives. Veterans with service dogs had better emotional health and found social interactions more pleasant; they also had more activity participation but were less likely to leave home. This could be due to public stigma, suggesting education on service dog etiquette is needed. We found that using the dog’s trained tasks was particularly important for social health, and the dog’s presence for emotional health, shedding light on how service dog placements may lead to changes in veteran well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)For inquiries regarding the contents of this dataset, please contact the Corresponding Author listed in the README.txt file. Administrative inquiries (e.g., removal requests, trouble downloading, etc.) can be directed to [email protected] item is part of the University of Arizona Libraries 2024 Data Visualization Challenge</i

Patient distribution box plots for model 2, which considers a discrete covariate.

<p>Patient distribution box plots for model 2, which considers a discrete covariate.</p

Comparison of overdosing rates in 1000 simulations.

<p>Comparison of overdosing rates in 1000 simulations.</p

Some well-known biomarkers and associated diseases.

<p>Some well-known biomarkers and associated diseases.</p

Simulation set-up in each scenario and simulation results from model 1 (EWOC-NETS considering no covariate) under different scenarios.

<p>Simulation set-up in each scenario and simulation results from model 1 (EWOC-NETS considering no covariate) under different scenarios.</p

Simulation results from model 2 (EWOC-NETS considering a discrete covariate) and 3 (EWOC-NETS considering a continuous covariate) under different scenarios.

<p>Simulation results from model 2 (EWOC-NETS considering a discrete covariate) and 3 (EWOC-NETS considering a continuous covariate) under different scenarios.</p

Patient distribution box plots for model 1, which does not consider a discrete covariate.

<p>Patient distribution box plots for model 1, which does not consider a discrete covariate.</p

Discovery of AM-6226: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40 Full Agonist That Displays Efficacy in Nonhuman Primates

GPR40 (FFA1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor, primarily expressed in pancreatic islets and enteroendocrine L-cells, and, when activated, elicits increased insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated glucose levels. We recently reported the discovery of AM-1638 (<b>2</b>), a full agonist of GPR40. Herein, we present further structure–activity relationships progressing from AM-1638 (<b>2</b>) to AM-6226 (<b>14</b>) that possesses a profile acceptable for dosing cynomolgus monkeys. The GPR40 full agonist AM-6226 (<b>14</b>) is the first molecule to display significant glucose lowering in cynomolgus monkeys providing additional evidence that GPR40 full agonists afford access to a powerful mechanism for maintaining glycemic control

A Potent Class of GPR40 Full Agonists Engages the EnteroInsular Axis to Promote Glucose Control in Rodents

<div><p>Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin resistance and the incretin response. GPR40 (FFAR1 or FFA1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), primarily expressed in insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells and incretin-producing enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine. Several GPR40 agonists, including AMG 837 and TAK-875, have been disclosed, but no GPR40 synthetic agonists have been reported that engage both the insulinogenic and incretinogenic axes. In this report we provide a molecular explanation and describe the discovery of a unique and potent class of GPR40 full agonists that engages the enteroinsular axis to promote dramatic improvement in glucose control in rodents. GPR40 full agonists AM-1638 and AM-6226 stimulate GLP-1 and GIP secretion from intestinal enteroendocrine cells and increase GSIS from pancreatic islets, leading to enhanced glucose control in the high fat fed, streptozotocin treated and NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse models of type 2 diabetes. The improvement in hyperglycemia by AM-1638 was reduced in the presence of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist Ex(9–39)NH₂.</p> </div

Specificity of AM-1638 to GPR40 (FFAR1) <i>in vivo</i> and effect of the GLP-1R antagonist GLP-1(9–39)NH₂.

<p>An OGTT was performed in (A) wild type or (B) GPR40 null mice following a single oral dose of AM-1638 or sitagliptin. Glucose was dosed 1-hr post drug treatment. (C) Glucose AUC during OGTT. (D) GLP-1 secretion following a single oral dose of AM-1638 in wild type or GPR40 null mice. AM-1638 (60 mg/kg) was tested in an IPGTT in the presence or absence of the GLP-1R antagonist GLP-1(9–39)NH₂ (300 µg/kg) as described in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046300#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a> section. (E) Plasma glucose levels (F) Glucose AUC and (G) plasma insulin levels at the indicated timepoints during the experiment. Statistical significance compared to vehicle treatment is denoted by *(p<0.05), **(p<0.01), ***(p<0.001) and ****(p<0.0001), as determined by one-way or two-way ANOVA, and are color-coded to the treatment in the figure legends.</p