Kant’s understanding of the Enlightenment with reference to his Refutation of Materialism

The paper focuses on the role of Kant’s refutation of materialism in his understanding of the Enlightenment, meant to be the necessary condition that allows human beings to express their proper dignity, i.e. to cultivate the urge for and the vocation of free thought. Sketching the main moments of the German struggle against the threat of materialism, the paper places Kant’s refutation within this tradition, and reconstructs the steps of his critique from the very beginning of his reflection – still dealing with the main topics of Wolff’s metaphysic – up to the definitive refutation he develops on the basis of the transcendental idealism of the first Critique. The shift from the «obscure reasons» pointed out in the Dreams, that allow a refutation of materialism on moral grounds, to the statement of the meaninglessness of the question in a transcendental perspective reveals that the attempt to find a solution to the problem of materialism – most of all in its psychological meaning –represents a neverending challenge within Kant’s reflection

Cultivating a Culture of Environmental and Natural Resources Collaboration in Utah

Unhealthy air quality. Growing demands for water in an arid state. Conflicts over public lands and how those lands should be managed. These are just a few environmental and natural resources challenges here in Utah that we hear “keep people up at night.” Such challenges are indeed daunting, and they will not be easily solved. However, in every challenge there is an opportunity. And when it comes to environmental and natural resources challenges, there is a powerful opportunity for people to work together to find mutually beneficial solutions that are, as consensus building guru Larry Susskind puts it, “fair, efficient, stable, and wise.

Squillites spinosus (Syncarida, Malacostraca) and a New Unnamed Crustacean from the Mississippian of Central Montana

A Mississippian syncarid from the Heath shale, Squillites spinosus Scott, 1938, is redescribed and a discussion of some aspects of Syncarid phylogeny is given. Modern Syncarid biogeographical distribution is discussed and an analysis of these zoogeographical patterns is provided. A strange animal, Crustacea (incerta sedis) from the Heath shale is described in as far as is possible. In 1971, Dr. Richard Lund of the University of Pittsburgh while searching for fossil fish in the Upper Mississippian Heath Shale of Montana found the associated remains of fossil crustaceans. Two locations were involved, T14 N R20E sec. 28, Fergus County, Montana, 2 miles south and 6 miles east of Heath, and 2¼ miles south of Heath, Fergus County, Montana. The crustacean fossils were found in a black paper shale horizon which averaged about 8 inches in thickness above which was non-fossiliferous limestone grading within inches into salt-clast lime. Below the black shale was a sequence of non-fossiliferous limestones about 4 feet thick which were followed by a conodont horizon which was very fossiliferous. The black shale in which the crustaceans were found contained many fish, some marine, some fresh water, and most of uncertain habitat. Also present were conchostracans, unidentifiable ostracods and Spirorbis sp. (Lund, personal communication). Scott (1935) states that the Heath Formation forms the upper beds of the Big Snowy Group, Chesterian, Upper Mississippian. He found in the basal zone of the Heath Formation the index brachiopod Leiorhyncus carboniferum along with an abundance of conodonts. Other fossils he lists as found in the Heath Formation are the brachiopods Productus ovatus, Productus inflatus, Echinochoncus sp., Spirifer sp., Chonetes chesteriensis, Composita subquadrata, Lingula sp. and Orviculoidea sp. The molluscs are represented by Cypricardella sp., Trepospira sp. and Aviculipecten sp. Also found is the Ostracod Cytherella sp. as well as many conodont assemblages. Scott (1938) described Squillites spinosus as a strange stomatopod which he found in the black Heath Shale. This animal was later reassigned by Brooks (1962b) to the Superorder Syncarida. Another Syncarid found in the Heath is Paleosyncaris dakotensis Brooks, 1962b, found in the Heath Formation of North Dakota. This paper will present the results of study of two of the crustaceans of the Heath shale. A redescription of Squillites spinosus Scott, 1938, will be given and a new crustacean will be described in as far as it is known

Growth, Land Use, and Planning in Bonner County, Idaho

During the summer and fall of 2016, Environmental Dispute Resolution Program staff conducted in-­‐depth confidential interviews with 30 individuals representing a diverse range of stakeholder groups in Bonner County, Idaho. The intent of these interviews was to illuminate the diversity of perspectives, areas of agreement and disagreement, and opportunities and challenges related to growth, land use, and planning in the county. A list of stakeholder groups and jurisdictions represented by interviewees is provided in Appendix A. This report shares the findings from this assessment, which are organized according to: summary of findings; vision and priorities for Bonner County; sources of tension and disagreement; specific concerns; perspectives on engaging key stakeholders and the public; and perspectives on countywide coordination and collaboration