ジャガイモ根面由来新規アシル化ホモセリンラクトン分解細菌の単離と同定

要旨のみご覧いただけます宇都宮大学博士（工学）学位論文・平成24年3月22日授与（甲第352号）平成23年

Sequential Checkpoints Govern Substrate Selection During Cotranslational Protein Targeting

Proper protein localization is essential for all cells. However, the precise mechanism by which high fidelity is achieved is not well understood for any protein-targeting pathway. To address this fundamental question, we investigated the signal recognition particle (SRP) pathway in Escherichia coli, which delivers proteins to the bacterial inner membrane through recognition of signal sequences on cargo proteins. Fidelity was thought to arise from the inability of SRP to bind strongly to incorrect cargos. Using biophysical assays, we found that incorrect cargos were also rejected through a series of checkpoints during subsequent steps of targeting. Thus, high fidelity of substrate selection is achieved through the cumulative effect of multiple checkpoints; this principle may be generally applicable to other pathways involving selective signal recognition

An Enigmatic Color Change of Urine: Alkaptonuria: Alkaptonuria

Alkaptonuria is an exceedingly rare tyrosine metabolism disorder of autosomal recessiveinheritance. Only a few instances of it have been observed in Bangladeshi children. Here,we talk about a 2-year-old boy who had dark urine and was later found to have alkaptonuria

Successful Transplantation of Primary Hepatocytes from DsRed Mice into Fah-/-;Scid/Scid Mice; A Future In Vivo Model System for Receiving Human Hepatocytes

We have developed a system for studying hepatocellular growth potential in which liver cells are introduced into the diseased livers of Fah-/-; Scid/Scid double knockout mice. To use this system to study cell transplantation, DsRed  liver cells were introduced into severe immunodeficient Fah-/-; Scid/Scid double knockout  mice. In regenerated recipient livers, up to 20% of the mouse liver is repopulated by DsRed mouse hepatocytes demonstrating the creation of a functional mouse liver in which parenchyma is derived from DsRed mouse hepatocytes. The severe immunodeficient Fah-/-;Scid/Scid double knockout mice provide a tool for studying hepatocellular biology. Keywords: Human Hepatocytes, Transplantation, DsRed and Fah-/-;Scid/Scid Mice

The relationship between modified Graeb score and intraventricular hematoma volume with Glasgow outcome scale and modified Rankin scale in intraventricular hemorrhage of brain: a comparative study

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is an acute neurosurgical condition. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between modified Graeb score (mGS) and intraventricular hematoma volume with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS).Methods: This is a Quasi-experimental study conducted in the department of neurosurgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh during the period from 24 July 2018 to 23 July 2019. After a detailed history and clinical examination, 150 patients were selected for this study. The study participants were divided into two major groups- external ventricular drainage (EVD) and conservative; both groups consisted of 44 patients. Written informed consent were taken from the participants. Data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software.Results: Overall mean age was around 60 years with an age range from 15-85 years. More than three fourth of the patients in both groups were from the age group of >50 years (73.83%). There were no differences between EVD and conservative groups regarding medical comorbidities. Most prevalent comorbidity among the patients of both groups’ hypertension, followed by diabetes and previous ischemic stroke. Overall the most frequent symptoms in the studied patients were vomiting, followed by loss of consciousness, headache and convulsion. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding presenting symptoms. The mean Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score level was significantly lower in the patients with EVD than their counterpart from 1st post-operative day to 8th post-operative day. However, within-group comparison shows that the GCS score was significantly increased from 1st day to 8th day in both groups of patients.Conclusions: These findings can be used to identify patients in whom an EVD may provide measurable outcomes benefit with respect to patient mortality and help guide neurosurgical decision-making in particular patient subgroups with acute IVH

A descriptive study of Forcefully Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) presenting for care at public health sector hospitals in Bangladesh

Background In 2017 hundreds of thousands of ‘Rohingya’ fled to camps for Forcefully Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Objective To describe the FDMNs presenting for care at public health facilities in Bangladesh so as to understand the health problems faced by the FDMNs and the burden on these public health facilities. Methods This study combined a retrospective review of existing hospital and clinic data with prospective surveillance in government health care centres. Findings The retrospective data showed a 26% increase in the number of consultations at the Kutupalong community clinic, the primary health facility closest to the camps, from 19,567 in 2015 to 26,309 in 2019. There was a corresponding 11% increase in admissions to health facilities in the area, from 80,991 in 2017 to 91,424 in 2019. Prospective surveillance of 9,421 FDMNs seeking health care from July 2018 to December 2019 showed that 29% had an infectious disease, 20% nutritional problems, 12% pregnancy-related conditions and 7% trauma or injury. Conclusions Great uncertainty remains regarding the return of FDMN to their home country of Myanmar. The current on-going protests following the military coup adds further insecurity to the status of the Rohingya. The presence of a large migrant population relative to a smaller host community burdens the limited facilities and resources of the public health sector. Continued support by the international public health community and civil society organizations is needed

Transforming access to care for serious mental disorders in slums (the TRANSFORM Project) : rationale, design and protocol

This paper introduces the TRANSFORM project, which aims to improve access to mental health services for people with serious and enduring mental disorders (SMDs – psychotic disorders and severe mood disorders, often with co-occurring substance misuse) living in urban slums in Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Ibadan (Nigeria). People living in slum communities have high rates of SMDs, limited access to mental health services and conditions of chronic hardship. Help is commonly sought from faith-based and traditional healers, but people with SMDs require medical treatment, support and follow-up. This multicentre, international mental health mixed-methods research project will (a) conduct community-based ethnographic assessment using participatory methods to explore community understandings of SMDs and help-seeking; (b) explore the role of traditional and faith-based healing for SMDs, from the perspectives of people with SMDs, caregivers, community members, healers, community health workers (CHWs) and health professionals; (c) co-design, with CHWs and healers, training packages for screening, early detection and referral to mental health services; and (d) implement and evaluate the training packages for clinical and cost-effectiveness in improving access to treatment for those with SMDs. TRANSFORM will develop and test a sustainable intervention that can be integrated into existing clinical care and inform priorities for healthcare providers and policy makers

Thermal performance of Bangladesh traditional house during winter and summer seasons

Bangladesh traditional house is a typical example of dwelling which encapsulates the socio- cultural values of the country and traditional form. Currently, urban development in Bangladesh is threatening the traditional houses. Study on performance of traditional houses in Bangladesh is also rare compared to researches done on the contemporary or modern houses. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the thermal performance of Bangladesh traditional houses in the context of Dhaka during summer and winter seasons. Quantitative method is used to measure the thermal performances. The field survey was conducted using thermal data loggers. A set of thermal data loggers were installed in selected Bangladesh traditional houses in Dhaka to record the air temperature of the indoor, outdoor and upper spaces. Data collection was carried out for duration of two months in winter and four months in summer. The research found that the traditional Bangladesh house is comfortable in both summer and winter seasons. It also noted that the thermal performance of traditional house depended on the different percentage of window openings in the upper space during both seasons. During the winter time as expected, closing the window openings throughout the day provided good thermal indoor environment. However, during summer seasons, closing the window openings of the upper space in the day time and opening them at night resulted in better thermal comfort indoor. This finding is important as it is contrary to the conventional belief of the occupants that opening their windows in the upper spaces during daytime in the summer will provide cooler indoor temperature. This study concludes that the use of upper spaces in Bangladesh traditional houses have significant impact on the overall indoor thermal performance. Thus, modern houses should consider employing this upper space to achieve thermal comfort

Thermal performance of green roof at Dhaka City in Bangladesh

Sustainability development is one of the main issues today around the world. Appropriate use of building design strategy of construction process contributes to reducing the consumption of building energy. Green roof can play a positive role to reduction of roof surface temperature and air temperature that can be translated into energy saving means. The aim of research is to investigate the thermal performance of the green roof and the changes that occurs in the indoor thermal environment with diurnal variation of the room during summer and winter season in subtropical Bangladesh and tropical Malaysia. This research was conducted through field measurement. The pilot study was conducted in Malaysia for two weeks before the main field study was done in Bangladesh for duration of one year. The main reason of the pilot study was to clarify the instrumentation. The pilot study results indicated that the green roof is more effective than bare roof in tropical climate. The pilot study suggested a good potential of similar green roof strategy for Bangladesh. To evaluate thermal performance of green roof in Bangladesh, some quantitative data analysis is necessary before largescale implementation of green roof can be introduced. To meet these requirements, field measurements were carried out locally on selected buildings in Dhaka city. Three building were selected for field study, two buildings with green roof and another was a reinforce cement concrete (R.C.C.) bare roof. A set of thermal data loggers were installed to record the air temperature of indoor, outdoor and surface temperature. Data collection was carried out for duration of two months in winter and five months in summer. Thermal performance evaluation was done by comparative study between green roof and typical concrete bare roof. This research also evaluates U-value and RTTV calculation of different types of green roof and bare roof. The research found that green roof on contemporary building has better thermal performance and comfortable compare to bare roof in summer season. During winter, occasionally green roof reduces the indoor temperature to below comfort zone. It also noted that the thermal performance of green roof depends on the different type of design strategy. Constructed sunken, raised, exposed and organized pot plants green roofs can reduce indoor air temperature to 3.67°C, 1.22°C, 2.49°C and 6.8°C compare to outdoor air temperature. Green roofs also achieve a remarkable surface temperature reduction around 27.63°C. As part of an integrated system of green roof, denser plants can offer a better evaporative cooling impact to the micro-climate. This research suggests that the rooftop garden is one of the natural ecological solutions for reducing the effect of Urban Heat Island (UHI). This study concludes that the use of green roof on contemporary buildings of Bangladesh have significant impact on the overall indoor thermal performance. Thus, contemporary buildings should consider employing this sustainable green roof to achieve thermal comfort environment