Notas : educación de personas adultas

La presencia de los videojuegos en la sociedad los convierte en objetos comunes a los que se define como productos de ocio. Sin embargo, grupos de educadores y padres sostienen que, a través de los videojuegos, los adultos y adolescentes penetran en muchas áreas de conocimiento y suponen un instrumento de propaganda de valores. Una investigación de un grupo de profesores revela la importancia de los videojuegos, tanto por su utilidad pedagógica o sus riesgos como por su propia constitución como objeto semiológico. El informe 'Los videojuegos en España' de la Asociación Española de Distribuidores y Editores de Software de Entretenimiento (ADESE) llega a las siguientes conclusiones: el 45 por ciento se declara usuario, el 77 por ciento de los padres se sienten tranquilos mientras los niños juegan; el 56 por ciento prefiere que sus hijos se distraigan con el ordenador antes de estar jugando sin control en la calle; el 77 por ciento cree que favorecen la competitividad y que desarrollan la agilidad mental; el 53 por ciento sostiene que ayudan a aprender idiomas; el 49 por ciento afirma que potencian la creatividad; el 45 por ciento cree que ayuda a mejorar los conocimientos informáticos; y un 95 por ciento es partidario de la regulación ética de los contenidos. Así, se concluye que la valoración ética no es dependiente del objeto, sino del sujeto. El objeto o videojuego presenta una estructura poliédrica con algunos perfiles útiles para la educación de jóvenes y adultos si se sabe extraer de su estructura básica lo que sea susceptible de convertirse en conocimiento o actitud.MadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Servicio de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; Calle General Ricardos, 179; 28025 Madrid; Tel. +34915250893; Fax +34914660991; [email protected]

Educamadrid : integración curricular : las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en Educación Infantil y primer ciclo de Educación Primaria : reflexiones y propuestas

La Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid inició en el curso 2002-2003 el plan Educamadrid, para el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en los centros educativos. Esta publicación, mediante la aportación de reflexiones y propuestas, trata de orientar el proceso de integración de las TIC en los currículos de Educación Infantil y primer ciclo de Educación Primaria. La finalidad es que estas tecnologías sean utilizadas como recurso para la mejora de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.MadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Servicio de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025; Madrid; +34915250893; +34914660991; [email protected]

Pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department: Focus on healthcare-associated pneumonia

Patients with pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department (IMD) are often at risk of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The importance of HCAP is controversial. We invited physicians from 72 IMDs to report on all patients with pneumonia hospitalized in their department during 2weeks (one each in January and June 2010) to compare HCAP with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). We analysed 1002 episodes of pneumonia: 58.9% were CAP, 30.6% were HCAP and 10.4% were HAP. A comparison between CAP, HCAP and HAP showed that HCAP patients were older (77, 83 and 80.5years; p<0.001), had poorer functional status (Barthel 100, 30 and 65; p<0.001) and had more risk factors for aspiration pneumonia (18, 50 and 34%; p<0.001). The frequency of testing to establish an aetiological diagnosis was lower among HCAP patients (87, 72 and 79; p<0.001), as was adherence to the therapeutic recommendations of guidelines (70, 23 and 56%; p<0.001). In-hospital mortality increased progressively between CAP, HCAP and HAP (8, 19 and 27%; p<0.001). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main pathogen in CAP and HCAP. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) caused 17 and 12.3% of HCAP. In patients with a confirmed aetiological diagnosis, the independent risk factors for pneumonia due do difficult-to-treat microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa or MRSA) were HCAP, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and higher Port Severity Index. Our data confirm the importance of maintaining high awareness of HCAP among patients treated in IMDs, because of the different aetiologies, therapy requirements and prognosis of this population. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)