Effect of artemisinin and neurectomy of pterygoid canal in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model

Abstract Background Allergic rhinitis (AR), characterized by sneezing, nasal itching and rhinorrhea, affects a large number of population. This study aimed to explore the effects of artemisinin alone or combined with neurectomy of pterygoid canal in ovalbumin-induced AR mouse model and illustrate the underlying mechanisms. Methods Allergic symptoms were evaluated to verify inhibitory effect of artemisinin alone or combined with neurectomy of pterygoid canal on AR. Serum levels of histamine, immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory factors TNF, INF-γ, IL-1β IL-10, IL-4 and IL-5 were measured by ELISA. The mRNA levels of TNF, INF-γ, IL-1β and IL-10 in local lymph nodes were measured by RT-qPCR. The total and phosphorylated levels of ERK and JNK were assessed by Western blot. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T (Treg) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Artemisinin significantly relieved the behavior symptoms of AR mice. The administration of artemisinin strikingly suppressed the expression of histamine, IgE and inflammatory factors. An increased Treg cell proportion and inhibited ERK phosphorylation were observed in artemisinin-treated groups as compared to those in the AR group. Moreover, artemisinin plus neurectomy of pterygoid almost abolished the behavioral score increase in AR mice. Conclusions These results indicated that artemisinin exhibited anti-allergic effect by inhibiting ERK activation and increasing Treg cell proportion, which subsequently decreased the expressions of allergic mediators. In addition, artemisinin combined with neurectomy of pterygoid showed better efficacy than artemisinin alone

An Improved Control Strategy of PMSM Drive System with Integrated Bidirectional DC/DC

With the development of power electronic technology, adding bidirectional DC/DC to the DC side of the motor controller has become an effective way to broaden the speed of motors. However, the motor drive system integrated with bidirectional DC/DC increases the switching loss and current harmonics of the inverter. Therefore, in this paper, a method based on fixed space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) modulation index and voltage instruction compensation are proposed, In this method, by considering the back electromotive force of the motor and the security margin of the weak magnetic region, the output voltage command amplitude of the current loop and the limit value of the inverter output is judged, and the optimal inverter input voltage is obtained, which effectively reduces the switching loss of the inverter, broadens the high efficient area of motor operation, and improves the efficiency of the controller. At the same time, the standardized benchmark composed of motor parameters is used to per-nit the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) mathematical model, which is helpful for the derivation of the formula and dramatically simplifies the calculation amount of the microcontroller. Moreover, the simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm

MOESM1 of Effect of artemisinin and neurectomy of pterygoid canal in ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis mouse model

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Infiltration of eosinophils (Red arrows) in nasal mucosa (under 100 times). (A) Representative histochemical photographs of the mice with different treatments as indicated. (B) Statistical histogram of panel A. #Indicated p>0.05, *indicated p<0.05. Figure S2. Effects of artemisinin on the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in OVA-sensitized mice. Serum was collected after the sacrifice of the mice. The levels of IL-4 (A) and IL-5 (B) in the serum of different group as indicated were measured by ELISA. #Indicated p>0.05, *indicated p<0.05, ***indicated p<0.001. Figure S3. Effects of artemisinin on the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors in local lymph nodes. The levels mRNA of the inflammatory factors such as TNF-α (A), INF-γ (B), IL-1β (C) and IL-10 (D) in local lymph nodes were measured by RT-qPCR in the mice with different treatments as indicated. #Indicated p>0.05, *indicated p<0.05, **indicated p<0.01