74 research outputs found
On-Demand Resource Management for 6G Wireless Networks Using Knowledge-Assisted Dynamic Neural Networks
On-demand service provisioning is a critical yet challenging issue in 6G
wireless communication networks, since emerging services have significantly
diverse requirements and the network resources become increasingly
heterogeneous and dynamic. In this paper, we study the on-demand wireless
resource orchestration problem with the focus on the computing delay in
orchestration decision-making process. Specifically, we take the
decision-making delay into the optimization problem. Then, a dynamic neural
network (DyNN)-based method is proposed, where the model complexity can be
adjusted according to the service requirements. We further build a knowledge
base representing the relationship among the service requirements, available
computing resources, and the resource allocation performance. By exploiting the
knowledge, the width of DyNN can be selected in a timely manner, further
improving the performance of orchestration. Simulation results show that the
proposed scheme significantly outperforms the traditional static neural
network, and also shows sufficient flexibility in on-demand service
provisioning
Knowledge-Driven Deep Learning Paradigms for Wireless Network Optimization in 6G
In the sixth-generation (6G) networks, newly emerging diversified services of
massive users in dynamic network environments are required to be satisfied by
multi-dimensional heterogeneous resources. The resulting large-scale
complicated network optimization problems are beyond the capability of
model-based theoretical methods due to the overwhelming computational
complexity and the long processing time. Although with fast online inference
and universal approximation ability, data-driven deep learning (DL) heavily
relies on abundant training data and lacks interpretability. To address these
issues, a new paradigm called knowledge-driven DL has emerged, aiming to
integrate proven domain knowledge into the construction of neural networks,
thereby exploiting the strengths of both methods. This article provides a
systematic review of knowledge-driven DL in wireless networks. Specifically, a
holistic framework of knowledge-driven DL in wireless networks is proposed,
where knowledge sources, knowledge representation, knowledge integration and
knowledge application are forming as a closed loop. Then, a detailed taxonomy
of knowledge integration approaches, including knowledge-assisted,
knowledge-fused, and knowledge-embedded DL, is presented. Several open issues
for future research are also discussed. The insights offered in this article
provide a basic principle for the design of network optimization that
incorporates communication-specific domain knowledge and DL, facilitating the
realization of intelligent 6G networks.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Knowledge-Driven Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Computation Offloading in Cybertwin-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
By offloading computation-intensive tasks of vehicles to roadside units
(RSUs), mobile edge computing (MEC) in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can
relieve the onboard computation burden. However, existing model-based task
offloading methods suffer from heavy computational complexity with the increase
of vehicles and data-driven methods lack interpretability. To address these
challenges, in this paper, we propose a knowledge-driven multi-agent
reinforcement learning (KMARL) approach to reduce the latency of task
offloading in cybertwin-enabled IoV. Specifically, in the considered scenario,
the cybertwin serves as a communication agent for each vehicle to exchange
information and make offloading decisions in the virtual space. To reduce the
latency of task offloading, a KMARL approach is proposed to select the optimal
offloading option for each vehicle, where graph neural networks are employed by
leveraging domain knowledge concerning graph-structure communication topology
and permutation invariance into neural networks. Numerical results show that
our proposed KMARL yields higher rewards and demonstrates improved scalability
compared with other methods, benefitting from the integration of domain
knowledge
Investigation of Carbon Tax Pilot in YRD Urban Agglomerations—Analysis and Application of a Novel ESER System with Carbon Tax Constraints
AbstractThis paper attempts to explore the dynamic behavior of energy-saving and emission-reduction (ESER) system in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomerations, which has not yet been reported in present literature. The novel YRD urban agglomerations carbon tax attractor is achieved. A scenario study is carried out. The results show that, the ESER system in YRD urban agglomerations is superior to the average case in China, in which the impacts on economic growth are almost the same. The economic property of YRD urban agglomerations is the main cause why the ESER system of YRD urban agglomerations being superior
Scalable Resource Management for Dynamic MEC: An Unsupervised Link-Output Graph Neural Network Approach
Deep learning has been successfully adopted in mobile edge computing (MEC) to
optimize task offloading and resource allocation. However, the dynamics of edge
networks raise two challenges in neural network (NN)-based optimization
methods: low scalability and high training costs. Although conventional
node-output graph neural networks (GNN) can extract features of edge nodes when
the network scales, they fail to handle a new scalability issue whereas the
dimension of the decision space may change as the network scales. To address
the issue, in this paper, a novel link-output GNN (LOGNN)-based resource
management approach is proposed to flexibly optimize the resource allocation in
MEC for an arbitrary number of edge nodes with extremely low algorithm
inference delay. Moreover, a label-free unsupervised method is applied to train
the LOGNN efficiently, where the gradient of edge tasks processing delay with
respect to the LOGNN parameters is derived explicitly. In addition, a
theoretical analysis of the scalability of the node-output GNN and link-output
GNN is performed. Simulation results show that the proposed LOGNN can
efficiently optimize the MEC resource allocation problem in a scalable way,
with an arbitrary number of servers and users. In addition, the proposed
unsupervised training method has better convergence performance and speed than
supervised learning and reinforcement learning-based training methods. The code
is available at \url{https://github.com/UNIC-Lab/LOGNN}
Mutations in TUBB8 and Human Oocyte Meiotic Arrest
BACKGROUND Human reproduction depends on the fusion of a mature oocyte with a sperm cell to form a fertilized egg. The genetic events that lead to the arrest of human oocyte maturation are unknown.
METHODS We sequenced the exomes of five members of a four-generation family, three of whom had infertility due to oocyte meiosis I arrest. We performed Sanger sequencing of a candidate gene, TUBB8, in DNA samples from these members, additional family members, and members of 23 other affected families. The expression of TUBB8 and all other β-tubulin isotypes was assessed in human oocytes, early embryos, sperm cells, and several somatic tissues by means of a quantitative reverse- transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction assay. We evaluated the effect of the TUBB8 mutations on the assembly of the heterodimer consisting of one α-tubulin polypeptide and one β-tubulin polypeptide (α/β-tubulin heterodimer) in vitro, on microtubule architecture in HeLa cells, on microtubule dynamics in yeast cells, and on spindle assembly in mouse and human oocytes.
RESULTS We identified seven mutations in the primate-specific gene TUBB8 that were responsible for oocyte meiosis I arrest in 7 of the 24 families. TUBB8 expression is unique to oocytes and the early embryo, in which this gene accounts for almost all the expressed β-tubulin. The mutations affect chaperone-dependent folding and assembly of the α/β-tubulin heterodimer, disrupt microtubule behavior on expression in cultured cells, alter microtubule dynamics in vivo, and cause catastrophic spindle-assembly defects and maturation arrest on expression in mouse and human oocytes.
CONCLUSIONS TUBB8 mutations have dominant-negative effects that disrupt microtubule behavior and oocyte meiotic spindle assembly and maturation, causing female infertility. (Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China and others.
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