The Study on Newly Developed McAb NJ001 Specific to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Biological Characteristics

Monoclonal antibody (McAb) is the key tool for cancer immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. McAb-based immunotherapy that targets tumor antigens has had great achivement. In this study, a cell clone which kept secreting high-titer IgG1-type McAb named NJ001 against human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was obtained. The titer of purified NJ001 was 2×106. The antigen named SP70 of NSCLC specifically identified by NJ001 was proved to be a protein with the relative molecular mass (Mr) of 70 kDa. The results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that NJ001 could positively react to NSCLC, but weak positively or negatively react to human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), pulmonary pseudotumor and other epithelial tumors. In soft agar assay, the colony formation efficiency in NJ001 groups decreased in a dose-dependent manner. For the concentration of 100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml and 400 µg/ml, the inhibition ratio of colony formation was 23.4%, 62.5% and 100% respectively. Meanwhile, NJ001 caused significant reduction in tumor volume and tumor weight compared to control mice in lung cancer xenograft model. The tumor growth inhibition ratio in 200 µg, 400 µg and 800 µg NJ001 groups was 10.44%, 37.29% and 44.04%, respectively. NJ001 also led to cytomorphological changes and induced the apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A1 significantly. The newly developed NJ001 selectively reacted to NSCLC and exhibited anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. NJ001 is of great value concerning immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy for NSCLC and holds promise for further research regarding the mechanism underlying tumor progression of NSCLC

Construction of Carbon Microspheres-Based Silane Melamine Phosphate Hybrids for Flame Retardant Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)

To improve the flame retardancy and inhibit the smoke of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), carbon microspheres (CMSs)-based melamine phosphate (MP) hybrids (MP-CMSs) were constructed in situ with the introduction of CMSs into the hydrothermal reaction system of MP. The integrated MP-CMSs were modified by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) to obtain the silane MP-CMSs (SiMP-CMSs) to strengthen the interface binding between the MP-CMSs and PET matrix. The results showed that the SiMP layer was loaded on the CMSs surface. The addition of only 3% SiMP-CMSs increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PET from 21% ± 0.1% to 27.7% ± 0.3%, reaching a V-0 burning rate. The SiMP-CMSs not only reduced heat damage, but also inhibited the smoke release during PET combustion, whereupon the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) reduced from 513.2 to 221.7 kW/m2, and the smoke parameters (SP) decreased from 229830.2 to 81892.3 kW/kg. The fire performance index (FPI) rose from 0.07 m2s/kW to 0.17 m2s/kW, demonstrating the lower fire risk. The proportion of the flame-retardant mode in the physical barrier, flame inhibition, and char effects were recorded as 44.53%, 19.04%, and 9.04%, respectively

Geological information prediction for shield machine using an enhanced multi-head self-attention convolution neural network with two-stage feature extraction

Due to the closed working environment of shield machines, the construction personnel cannot observe the construction geological environment, which seriously restricts the safety and efficiency of the tunneling process. In this study, we present an enhanced multi-head self-attention convolution neural network (EMSACNN) with two-stage feature extraction for geological condition prediction of shield machine. Firstly, we select 30 important parameters according to statistical analysis method and the working principle of the shield machine. Then, we delete the non-working sample data, and combine 10 consecutive data as the input of the model. Thereafter, to deeply mine and extract essential and relevant features, we build a novel model combined with the particularity of the geological type recognition task, in which an enhanced multi-head self-attention block is utilized as the first feature extractor to fully extract the correlation of geological information of adjacent working face of tunnel, and two-dimensional CNN (2dCNN) is utilized as the second feature extractor. The performance and superiority of proposed EMSACNN are verified by the actual data collected by the shield machine used in the construction of a double-track tunnel in Guangzhou, China. The results show that EMSACNN achieves at least 96% accuracy on the test sets of the two tunnels, and all the evaluation indicators of EMSACNN are much better than those of classical AI model and the model that use only the second-stage feature extractor. Therefore, the proposed EMSACNN achieves high accuracy and strong generalization for geological information prediction of shield machine, which is of great guiding significance to engineering practice

Small size fullerenol nanoparticles suppress lung metastasis of breast cancer cell by disrupting actin dynamics

Abstract Background Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients. Migratory breast cancer cells in lymphatic and blood vessels seek new sites and form metastatic colonies in the lung and bone, and then these cancer cells often wreak considerable havoc. With advances in nanotechnology, nanomaterials and nanotechnologies are widely applied in tumor therapy. In this paper, small size fullerenol nanoparticles, which are separated by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IFE) for discrepancy of isoelectric point (pI), are used in the study of tumor metastasis. Results In this study, the commendable inhibition of tumor metastasis was uncovered by intravenous injection of purified fullerenol fraction with special surface charge and functional groups, which was separated by IFE for discrepancy of pI. By investigating the actin dynamics in several cancer cell lines, we found these small size fullerenol nanoparticles disturbed actin dynamics. Young’s modulus detection and cell migration assays revealed that fullerenol lowered stiffness and restrained migration of breast cancer cells. Filopodia, the main supporting structures of actin bundles, are important for cell motility and adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fullerenol reduced the number and length of filopodia. Simultaneously, the inhibition of integrin to form clusters on filopodias, which was likely induced by reorganizing of actin cytoskeleton, impacted cancer cell adhesion and motility. Conclusions With intravenous injection of these fullerenol nanoparticles, tumor metastasis is well inhibited in vivo. The underlying mechanism most likely to be attributed to the effect of fullerenol nanoparticles on disturbing actin dynamics. With the disordered actin fiber, cell function is varied, including decreased cell stiffness, reduced filopodia formation, and inactivated integrin

Downregulation of IFNG in CD4(+) T cells in lung cancer through hypermethylation: a possible mechanism of tumor-induced immunosuppression.

Tumor survival is significantly correlated with the immune response of patients. IFNG plays an important role in the tumor host response and decreased IFNG expression is often observed in lung cancer. Studies have shown that CpG island hypermethylation plays a critical role in transcriptional silencing of IFNG gene expression. However, there is limited understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms of altered methylation, and whether the tumor microenvironment has any effect on DNA methylation and IFNG production. In the current study, we demonstrate that plasma and intra-cellular IFNG levels are significantly lower in lung cancer patients. Hypermethylation of the IFNG promoter in CD4(+) T cells and plasma IFNG was negatively correlated. CD4(+) T cells from healthy individuals co-cultured with SPC-A1 cells generated lower levels of IFNG after activation, elevated expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and exhibited hypermethylation of the IFNG promoter. In conclusion, decreased IFNG expression of CD4(+) T cells co-cultured with lung cancer cell is associated with IFNG promoter hypermethylation. Our study suggests that interaction between lung cancer cells and CD4(+) T cells induces DNMT expression and IFNG promoter hypermethylation in CD4(+) T cell, which may serve as an important mechanism of tumor-induced immunosuppression

Influence of Molecular Weight on Structure and Catalytic Characteristics of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Derived from Lignin

Bio-renewable lignin has been used as a carbon source for the preparation of porous carbon materials. Nevertheless, up to now, there are few studies about the influence of molecular weight of lignin on the structure and morphology of the ordered mesoporous carbon. Here, we synthesized the ordered mesoporous carbon derived from different molecular weights of lignin and Pluronic F127. Fortunately, we found that molecular weight is an important factor for obtaining highly ordered channels, high specific surface area, and ordered mesoporous carbon. More importantly, the narrow well-defined mesoporous channel could exert a spatial restriction effect to some extent, which can serve as nanoreactors for efficient reactions and enhance catalytic performance. The highly ordered mesoporous carbon from lignin is a good candidate for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst supports

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Additional file 1. Additional figures

Demographic data for lung cancer patients and healthy controls in the current study.

<p>Demographic data for lung cancer patients and healthy controls in the current study.</p