772 research outputs found
Small knots and large handle additions
We construct a hyperbolic 3-manifold (with totally geodesic)
which contains no essential closed surfaces, but for any even integer
there are infinitely many separating slopes on so that ,
the 3-manifold obtained by attaching 2-handle to along , contains an
essential separating closed surface of genus and is still hyperbolic. The
result contrasts sharply with those known finiteness results for the cases
. Our 3-manifold is the complement of a simple small knot in a
handlebody.Comment: 25 pages, 14 figure
Handle additions producing essential surfaces
We construct a small, hyperbolic 3-manifold such that, for any integer
, there are infinitely many separating slopes in so
that , the 3-manifold obtained by attaching a 2-handle to along ,
is hyperbolic and contains an essential separating closed surface of genus .
The result contrasts sharply with those known finiteness results on Dehn
filling, and it also contrasts sharply with the known finiteness result on
handle addition for the cases . Our 3-manifold is the complement of
a hyperbolic, small knot in a handlebody of genus 3.Comment: 28 pages, 22 figure
A quadratic bound on the number of boundary slopes of essential surfaces with bounded genus
Let be an orientable 3-manifold with a single torus. We show
that the number of boundary slopes of immersed essential surfaces with genus at
most is bounded by a quadratic function of . In the hyperbolic case,
this was proved earlier by Hass, Rubinstein and Wang.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur
Quantum-trajectory analysis for charge transfer in solid materials induced by strong laser fields
We investigate the dependence of charge transfer on the intensity of driving
laser field when SiO2 crystal is irradiated by an 800 nm laser. It is
surprising that the direction of charge transfer undergoes a sudden reversal
when the driving laser intensity exceeds critical values with different carrier
envelope phases. By applying quantum-trajectory analysis, we find that the
Bloch oscillation plays an important role in charge transfer in solid. Also, we
study the interaction of strong laser with gallium nitride (GaN) that is widely
used in optoelectronics. A pump-probe scheme is applied to control the quantum
trajectories of the electrons in the conduction band. The signal of charge
transfer is controlled successfully by means of theoretically proposed
approach
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