Preparing a CRISPR Vector to Mutate the AS1 Gene in Arabidopsis

The goal of this study is to create new mutations in the Asymmetric Leaves1 (AS1) gene of Arabidopsis using CRISPR vectors to induce mutations. The intention is to analyze these mutations in order to better understand the structure and function of the AS1 protein in regard to leaf formation

Evolution of accounting for corporate treasury stock in the United States

Is treasury stock an asset or a reduction of net equity? This study is concerned with the process of accounting for treasury stock from as early as 1720 to date. It illustrates the many methods which have been used to create funds by the purchase and sale of treasury stocks and concludes with a consideration of the effects of the Internal Revenue Act of 1934 and the Security Exchange Act of 1934 on the treatment of treasury stock

Generating CRISPR Mutations in the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 Gene of Arabidopsis

The goal of this study is to create new mutations in the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1 (AS1) gene of Arabidopsis using CRISPR technology. AS1 is a myb domain transcription factor that represses the KNOX genes, a group of genes involved in maintaining an undifferentiated cell state. AS1 binds to the chromatin remodeling protein Histone Repressor A (HIRA). In animals, HIRA is involved in the permanent suppression of proliferation genes required for early development. The interaction between AS1 and HIRA provides clues to how AS1 maintains suppression at the KNOX genes; however, we must be careful applying what is known in animal systems to plants because there are key differences between the two during development. Most notably, plant development occurs throughout the lifecycle, and unlike animals, plant cells more readily un-differentiate and re-differentiate. We are working to create new AS1 CRISPR mutants to better understand the structure and function of the AS1 protein and how it physically interacts with HIRA in plants. We are currently screening plants for the presence of mutations in the AS1 gene. This work will allow us to better understand how genes are regulated during cellular differentiation during leaf development

Oxidation of TaC-HfC blends densified by spark plasma sintering

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Development and Evaluation of a Thermal Protective Life Preserver for Cold Water Immersion

Clothing, Textiles and Merchandisin

Transcriptomic characterization of a synergistic genetic interaction during carpel margin meristem development in \u3cem\u3eArabidopsis thaliana\u3c/em\u3e

In flowering plants the gynoecium is the female reproductive structure. In Arabidopsis thalianaovules initiate within the developing gynoecium from meristematic tissue located along the margins of the floral carpels. When fertilized the ovules will develop into seeds. SEUSS (SEU) and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) encode transcriptional regulators that are critical for the proper formation of ovules from the carpel margin meristem (CMM). The synergistic loss of ovule initiation observed in the seu ant double mutant suggests that SEU and ANT share overlapping functions during CMM development. However the molecular mechanism underlying this synergistic interaction is unknown. Using the ATH1 transcriptomics platform we identified transcripts that were differentially expressed in seu ant double mutant relative to wild type and single mutant gynoecia. In particular we sought to identify transcripts whose expression was dependent on the coordinated activities of the SEU and ANT gene products. Our analysis identifies a diverse set of transcripts that display altered expression in the seu ant double mutant tissues. The analysis of overrepresented Gene Ontology classifications suggests a preponderance of transcriptional regulators including multiple members of the REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEMS (REM) and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) families are mis-regulated in the seu ant gynoecia. Our in situ hybridization analyses indicate that many of these genes are preferentially expressed within the developing CMM. This study is the first step toward a detailed description of the transcriptional regulatory hierarchies that control the development of the CMM and ovule initiation. Understanding the regulatory hierarchy controlled by SEU and ANT will clarify the molecular mechanism of the functional redundancy of these two genes and illuminate the developmental and molecular events required for CMM development and ovule initiation

Synergistic disruptions in seuss cyp85A2 double mutants reveal a role for brassinolide synthesis during gynoecium and ovule development

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Arabidopsis <it>SEUSS </it>(<it>SEU</it>) gene encodes a transcriptional adaptor protein that is required for a diverse set of developmental events, including floral organ identity specification, as well as gynoecium, ovule and embryo development. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms of <it>SEUSS </it>action we undertook a genetic modifier screen to identify <it>seuss-modifier </it>(<it>sum</it>) mutations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Screening of M2 lines representing approximately 5,000 M1 individuals identified mutations that enhance the <it>seuss </it>mutant phenotypic disruptions in ovules and gynoecia; here we describe the phenotype of the <it>sum63 </it>mutant and enhanced disruptions of ovule and gynoecial development in the <it>seu sum63 </it>double mutant. Mapping and genetic complementation tests indicate that <it>sum63 </it>is allelic to <it>CYP85A2 </it>(AT3G30180) a cytochrome p450 enzyme that catalyzes the final steps in the synthesis of the phytohormone brassinolide.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our identification of mutations in <it>CYP85A2 </it>as enhancers of the <it>seuss </it>mutant phenotype suggests a previously unrecognized role for brassinolide synthesis in gynoecial and ovule outer integument development. The work also suggests that <it>seuss </it>mutants may be more sensitive to the loss or reduction of brassinolide synthesis than are wild type plants.</p

Additive manufacturing of chopped fiber ultra-high ceramic composites

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Student Misconceptions about Plants – A First Step in Building a Teaching Resource

Plants are ubiquitous and found in virtually every ecosystem on Earth, but their biology is often poorly understood, and inaccurate ideas about how plants grow and function abound. Many articles have been published documenting student misconceptions about photosynthesis and respiration, but there are substantially fewer on such topics as plant cell structure and growth; plant genetics, evolution, and classification; plant physiology (beyond energy relations); and plant ecology. The available studies of misconceptions held on those topics show that many are formed at a very young age and persist throughout all educational levels. Our goal is to begin building a central resource of plant biology misconceptions that addresses these underrepresented topics, and here we provide a table of published misconceptions organized by topic. For greater utility, we report the age group(s) in which the misconceptions were found and then map them to the ASPB – BSA Core Concepts and Learning Objectives in Plant Biology for Undergraduates, developed jointly by the American Society of Plant Biologists and the Botanical Society of America