Animal performance in oat and Italian ryegrass pastures under leaf lamina biomass levels

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de biomassas de lâminas foliares no desempenho animal. Utilizou-se mistura de aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), para determinar quantidades adequadas de sua biomassa no manejo da pastagem. Foram realizados dois experimentos, na estação fria de 2002 e 2003. Na avaliação de 2002, os valores de biomassa de lâminas foliares foram de 360 kg ha-1 (baixa) e 630 kg ha-1 (alta). Em 2003, foram obtidas biomassas de 352, 422 e 507 kg ha-1, classificadas como baixa, média e alta, respectivamente. O método de pastejo foi contínuo, com taxa de lotação variada; os animais utilizados foram terneiros da raça Charolês e cruzados com Nelore, com idade inicial de nove meses. As variáveis de produção animal avaliadas, nos dois anos, foram: ganho médio diário, carga animal e ganho de peso vivo por área. As distintas biomassas de lâminas foliares mantidas não são fatores limitantes ao desempenho animal.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different leaf lamina biomass over animal performance. A mixture of oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was used to determine adequate levels of leaf lamina biomass for pasture management. Two trials were made, in 2002 and 2003 cool seasons. In 2002 evaluation, leaf lamina biomass values were of 360 kg ha-1 (low) and 630 kg ha-1 (high). In 2003, values obtained for leaf lamina biomasses were of 352, 422 and 507 kg ha-1, being classified as low, medium and high, respectively. Grazing method was continuous, with variable stocking rate; testing animals were calves of Charolais breed and its crosses with Nelore breed, with initial age of nine months. Evaluated variables in animal production, in both years, were: average daily gain, stocking rate and live weight gain per area. Leaf lamina biomasses evaluated are not limiting factors to animal performance

Protocolos de regulação ambulatorial : pneumologia adulto

Telemedicin

Protocolos de regulação ambulatorial : cirurgia torácica adulto

Telemedicin

Telecondutas : doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Telemedicin

Associação entre malária e anemia em área urbana de transmissão do Plasmodium: Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a prevalência de anemia atribuível à malária na população urbana residente no Município de Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte não concorrente com 1.167 pessoas acompanhadas por três meses anteriores à data da entrevista mediante dados do SIVEP-Malária. Foram calculadas as medidas de frequência e a prevalência de anemia em pacientes com e sem histórico de malária recente, conforme as variáveis de interesse. Os resultados mostraram que 50,2% dos indivíduos eram do sexo masculino e 67,96% encontravam-se na faixa etária de 15 anos ou mais. A prevalência geral de anemia foi de 7,1%, sendo maior na faixa etária de 6 meses até 5 anos de idade. Com relação ao histórico de malária recente, verificou-se que 8,3% dos homens que tiveram malária apresentaram anemia. No geral, a prevalência de anemia atribuível à malária foi nulo, exceto para os homens (2,4%) e no bairro Cobal (51,4%). Os resultados demonstram que a prevalência de anemia é baixa e que a contribuição da malária para anemia existe apenas em homens e áreas geográficas específicas

Clustering symptoms of non-severe malaria in semi-immune Amazonian patients

Malaria is a disease that generates a broad spectrum of clinical features. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical spectrum of malaria in semi-immune populations. Patients were recruited in Mâncio Lima, a city situated in the Brazilian Amazon region. The study included 171 malaria cases, which were diagnosed via the use of a thick blood smear and confirmed by molecular methods. A questionnaire addressing 19 common symptoms was administered to all patients. Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to identify clusters of symptoms, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the occurrence of symptoms. The cluster analysis revealed five groups of symptoms: the first cluster, which included algic- and fever-related symptoms, occurred in up to 95.3% of the cases. The second cluster, which comprised gastric symptoms (nausea, abdominal pain, inappetence, and bitter mouth), occurred in frequencies that ranged between 35.1% and 42.7%, and at least one of these symptoms was observed in 71.9% of the subjects. All respiratory symptoms were clustered and occurred in 42.7% of the malaria cases, and diarrhea occurred in 9.9% of the cases. Symptoms constituting the fifth cluster were vomiting and pallor, with a 14.6% and 11.7% of prevalence, respectively. A higher parasitemia count (more than 300 parasites/mm3) was associated with the presence of fever, vomiting, dizziness, and weakness (P < 0.05). Arthralgia and myalgia were associated with patients over the age of 14 years (P < 0.001). Having experienced at least eight malaria episodes prior to the study was associated with a decreased risk of chills and fever and an increased risk of sore throat (P < 0.05). None of the symptoms showed an association with gender or with species of Plasmodium. The clinical spectrum of malaria in semi-immune individuals can have a broad range of symptoms, the frequency and intensity of which are associated with age, past exposure to malaria, and parasitemia. Understanding the full spectrum of nonsevere malaria is important in endemic areas to guide both passive and active case detection, for the diagnosis of malaria in travelers returning to non-endemic areas, and for the development of vaccines aimed to decrease symptom severity