Exclusionary Zoning: A Wrong in Search of a Remedy

This article discusses affirmative approaches to providing effective relief in two types of exclusionary zoning cases: (1) remedies specific to a particular proposed development or a given site and (2) regional remedies, which provide a generalized framework for meeting what courts are increasingly identifying as a regional problem: the need for decent housing for all families. In the first instance (the single-site case) a court would remove obstacles in order to facilitate development of low- and moderate- income housing on a particular suburban site. In the second case (the regional approach) a court would specify the obligation of the municipalities in a region in terms of the number of units of low- and moderate-income housing to be provided in each particular community. This obligation would be a proportionate share of the low- and moderate-income housing needed in the region as a whole, and would constitute the measure of relief to which an aggrieved plaintiff would be entitled. The court would also adopt mechanisms to insure implementation of this regional housing distribution system. Under either approach invalidation of exclusionary zoning schemes by the courts would be converted into the only form of effective relief, increased housing opportunities in suburban areas for low- and moderate-income families

School Desegregation Versus Public Housing Desegregation: The Local School District and the Metropolitan Housing District

This Article argues that Milliken is not applicable to the public housing context because the appropriate housing district is the metropolitan area rather than simply the central city

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a radiologic perspective

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (that includes emphysema) results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is also a chronic and progressive parenchymal lung disease with an average survival of less than 5 years after diagnosis. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is an important but still underdiagnosed syndrome. Its diagnosis is based on the radiological findings at computed tomography which consists of emphysema of the upper lung zones and fibrosis of the lower lung zones. Since this syndrome has a very bad prognosis, even worse than isolated finding of emphysema or fibrosis alone, early recognition and rapid treatment are important. In this article we will review and elucidate the radiologic appearance of this syndrome and highlight its clinical importance