Introducing Polyautoimmunity: Secondary Autoimmune Diseases No Longer Exist

Similar pathophysiological mechanisms within autoimmune diseases have stimulated searches for common genetic roots. Polyautoimmunity is defined as the presence of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. When three or more autoimmune diseases coexist, this condition is called multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). We analyzed the presence of polyautoimmunity in 1,083 patients belonging to four autoimmune disease cohorts. Polyautoimmunity was observed in 373 patients (34.4%). Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were the most frequent diseases encountered. Factors significantly associated with polyautoimmunity were female gender and familial autoimmunity. Through a systematic literature review, an updated search was done for all MAS cases (January 2006–September 2011). There were 142 articles retrieved corresponding to 226 cases. Next, we performed a clustering analysis in which AITD followed by systemic lupus erythematosus and SS were the most hierarchical diseases encountered. Our results indicate that coexistence of autoimmune diseases is not uncommon and follows a grouping pattern. Polyautoimmunity is the term proposed for this association of disorders, which encompasses the concept of a common origin for these diseases

Organic solvents as risk factor for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Genetic and epigenetic factors interacting with the environment over time are the main causes of complex diseases such as autoimmune diseases (ADs). Among the environmental factors are organic solvents (OSs), which are chemical compounds used routinely in commercial industries. Since controversy exists over whether ADs are caused by OSs, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the association between OSs and ADs. Methods and Findings: The systematic search was done in the PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO and LILACS databases up to February 2012. Any type of study that used accepted classification criteria for ADs and had information about exposure to OSs was selected. Out of a total of 103 articles retrieved, 33 were finally included in the meta-analysis. The final odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by the random effect model. A sensitivity analysis confirmed results were not sensitive to restrictions on the data included. Publication bias was trivial. Exposure to OSs was associated to systemic sclerosis, primary systemic vasculitis and multiple sclerosis individually and also to all the ADs evaluated and taken together as a single trait (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.25-1.92; p-value, 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to OSs is a risk factor for developing ADs. As a corollary, individuals with non-modifiable risk factors (i.e., familial autoimmunity or carrying genetic factors) should avoid any exposure to OSs in order to avoid increasing their risk of ADs

Spondyloarthropathies in autoimmune diseases and vice versa

Polyautoimmunity is one of the major clinical characteristics of autoimmune diseases (ADs). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ADs in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs) and vice versa. This was a two-phase cross-sectional study. First, we examined the presence of ADs in a cohort of patients with SpAs (). Second, we searched for the presence of SpAs in a well-defined group of patients with ADs () including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Among patients with SpAs, ankylosing spondylitis was observed in the majority of them (55.6%). There were two patients presenting with SS in the SpA group (1.4%) and 5 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (3.5%). The global prevalence of ADs in SpAs was 4.86%. In the ADs group, there were 5 patients with SpAs (0.46%). Our results suggest a lack of association between SpAs and ADs. Accordingly, SpAs might correspond more to autoinflammatory diseases rather than to ADs

Spondyloarthropathies in Autoimmune Diseases and Vice Versa

Polyautoimmunity is one of the major clinical characteristics of autoimmune diseases (ADs). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ADs in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs) and vice versa. This was a two-phase cross-sectional study. First, we examined the presence of ADs in a cohort of patients with SpAs (N = 148). Second, we searched for the presence of SpAs in a well-defined group of patients with ADs (N = 1077) including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Among patients with SpAs, ankylosing spondylitis was observed in the majority of them (55.6%). There were two patients presenting with SS in the SpA group (1.4%) and 5 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (3.5%). The global prevalence of ADs in SpAs was 4.86%. In the ADs group, there were 5 patients with SpAs (0.46%). Our results suggest a lack of association between SpAs and ADs. Accordingly, SpAs might correspond more to autoinflammatory diseases rather than to ADs

Cardiovascular disease in latin american patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study and a systematic review

Objective. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Latin American (LA) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. First, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 310 Colombian patients with SLE in whom CVD was assessed. Associated factors were examined by multivariate regression analyses. Second, a systematic review of the literature on CVD in SLE in LA was performed. Results. There were 133 (36.5%) Colombian SLE patients with CVD. Dyslipidemia, smoking, coffee consumption, and pleural effusion were positively associated with CVD. An independent effect of coffee consumption and cigarette on CVD was found regardless of gender and duration of disease. In the systematic review, 60 articles fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included. A wide range of CVD prevalence was found (4%–79.5%). Several studies reported ancestry, genetic factors, and polyautoimmunity as novel risk factors for such a condition.Conclusions. A high rate of CVD is observed in LA patients with SLE. Awareness of the observed risk factors should encourage preventive population strategies for CVD in patients with SLE aimed at facilitating the suppression of cigarette smoking and coffee consumption as well as at the tight control of dyslipidemia and other modifiable risk factors

Introducing polyautoimmunity: secondary autoimmune diseases no longer exist

Similar pathophysiological mechanisms within autoimmune diseases have stimulated searches for common genetic roots. Polyautoimmunity is defined as the presence of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. When three or more autoimmune diseases coexist, this condition is called multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). We analyzed the presence of polyautoimmunity in 1,083 patients belonging to four autoimmune disease cohorts. Polyautoimmunity was observed in 373 patients (34.4%). Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were the most frequent diseases encountered. Factors significantly associated with polyautoimmunity were female gender and familial autoimmunity. Through a systematic literature review, an updated search was done for all MAS cases (January 2006–September 2011). There were 142 articles retrieved corresponding to 226 cases. Next, we performed a clustering analysis in which AITD followed by systemic lupus erythematosus and SS were the most hierarchical diseases encountered. Our results indicate that coexistence of autoimmune diseases is not uncommon and follows a grouping pattern. Polyautoimmunity is the term proposed for this association of disorders, which encompasses the concept of a common origin for these diseases

Lupus nephritis in colombians: Contrasts and comparisons with other populations

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) since it is the major predictor of poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and immunological characteristics associated with LN development during the course of SLE in Colombians. Therefore, patients with SLE followed at five different referral centers in Medellin, Bogota, and Cali were included in this cross-sectional and multicenter study. Factors influencing LN were assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting by gender, age at onset, duration of disease, and city of origin. The entire sample population included 467 patients, of whom 51% presented with LN. The presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16–3.65), pleuritis (AOR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.38–10.54), and hypertension (AOR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.23–5.62) were positively associated with LN, whereas the presence of anti-La antibodies was a protective factor against LN development (AOR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.19–0.85). A review of literature on LN in different populations is made. The identified clinical- and laboratory-associated factors would assist earlier diagnosis and guide decisions on therapeutic interventions on this critical and frequent complication of SLE

Espondiloartropatias seronegativas y viceversa

Introducción. Las Espondiloartropatias Seronegativas (EAS) son un grupo de enfermedades interrelacionadas que presentan compromiso inflamatorio articular y hallazgos extraarticulares. Por otra parte, las Enfermedades Autoinmunes (EAI) son un síndrome clínico caracterizado por la pérdida de la tolerancia inmune. Se encuentra en ellas activación de células B o T, conllevando a daño tisular en ausencia de cualquier otra causa. No existe evidencia sustancial para considerar las EAS como EAI, pero si pueden ser consideradas como enfermedades autoinflamatorias. Dado que la poliautoinmunidad es una de las más importantes características de las EAI, nuestro propósito fue investigar la relación entre EAS y EAI. Materiales y métodos. 2 grupos fueron analizados. Primero, evaluamos la presencia de EAI en una cohorte de pacientes con EAS (n=148). Segundo, examinamos la presencia de EAS en un grupo bien definido de pacientes con EAI (n=1077), incluyendo artritis reumatoide (AR), lupus eritematosos sistémico (LES) y síndrome de Sjögren (SS) Resultados. En el grupo de EAS, dos pacientes presentaron SS (1.4%) y 5 hipotiroidismo autoinmune (HAI) (3.5%). No se encontraron otras EAI en este grupo. La prevalencia de EAI en EAS fue 4.86%. En el grupo de EAI, 5 pacientes presentaron EAS (0.46%). Conclusión. Este estudio no sugiere relación entre EAS y EAI, reforzando la evidencia a favor de que las EAS corresponden más a enfermedades autoinflamatorias que a EAIIntroduction. Spondyloarthropathies (SpAs) are a group of interrelated diseases with joint inflammatory involvement and extraarticular findings. Autoimmune diseases (ADs), in turn, are a clinical syndrome caused by the loss of immune tolerance. It is characterized by T or B cell activation leading to tissue damage in the absence of any other cause. There is no substantial evidence that SpAs are autoimmune diseases but they can be considered autoinflammatory diseases. Since polyautoimmunity is one of the major clinical characteristics of ADs, our purpose was to investigate the relationship between SpAs and ADs. Materials and methods. 2 groups were analyzed. First, we examined the presence of ADs in a cohort of patients with SpA (N=148). Second, we searched for the presence of SpA in a well defined group of patients with ADs (N=1077) including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Results. In SpAs group, there were two patients presenting with SS (1.4%) and five patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism (3.5%). No other AD was found in this group. Prevalence of ADs in SpAs was 4.86%. In ADs group, 5 patients with SpAs were observed (0.46%). Conclusion. This study does not suggest a relationship between SpAs and ADs, stressing evidence that SpAs correspond more to autoinflammatory diseases rather than to ADs

Autoclinimetría : no más esperas para el paciente con artritis reumatoide . ¡Autoexamínese!

La artritis reumatoide es la enfermedad inflamatoria y crónica más frecuente. Afecta más a las mujeres que a los hombres. Luego del diagnóstico, el paciente debe ser sometido a un proceso de seguimiento, que incluye un correcto examen clínico, pruebas de laboratorio, seguimiento radiográfico y cuestionarios que evalúan su calidad de vida y su aspecto funcional. Como sucede con otras enfermedades, se ha demostrado que el paciente con artritis reumatoide puede realizar un autoexamen y ser un agente activo en su consulta médica. Esta autorrevisión se conoce como autoclinimetría, herramienta útil para el seguimiento y la valoración de la capacidad funcional y la calidad de vida del paciente