1,873 research outputs found
Validating tomographic model with broad-band waveform modelling: an example from the LA RISTRA transect in the southwestern United States
Traveltime tomographic models of the LA RISTRA transect produce excellent waveform fits if we amplify the damped images. We observe systematic waveform distortions across the western edge of the Great Plains from South American events, starting about 300 km east of the centre of the Rio Grande Rift. The amplitude decreases by more than 50 per cent within array stations spanning less than 200 km while the pulse width increases by more than a factor of 2. This feature is not observed for the data arriving from the northwest. While the S-wave tomographic image shows a fast slab-like feature dipping to the southeast beneath the western edge of the Great Plains, synthetics generated from this model do not reproduce the waveform characteristics. However, once we modify the tomographic image by amplifying the velocity contrast between the slab and adjoining mantle by a factor of 2–3, the synthetics produce observed amplitude decay and pulse broadening. In addition to the traveltime delay, amplitude variation due to wave phenomena such as slab diffraction, focusing and defocusing provide much tighter constraints on the geometry of the fast anomaly and its amplitude and sharpness as demonstrated by a forward sensitivity test and snapshots of the seismic wavefield. Our preferred model locates the slab 200 km east of the Rio Grande Rift dipping 70°–75° to the southeast, extending to a depth near 600 km with a thickness of 120 km and a velocity of about 4 per cent fast. In short, adding waveform and amplitude components to regional tomographic studies can help validate and establish structural geometry, sharpness and velocity contrast
The effect of surface and Coulomb interaction on the liquid-gas phase transition of finite nuclei
By means of the Furnstahl, Serot and Tang's model, the effects of surface
tension and Coulomb interaction on the liquid-gas phase transition for finite
nuclei are investigated. A limit pressure p-lim above which the liquid-gas
phase transition cannot take place has been found. It is found that comparing
to the Coulomb interaction, the contribution of surface tension is dominate in
low temperature regions. The binodal surface is also addressed.Comment: LaTex, 8 pages with 6 fig
An Application of Nash-Moser Theorem to Smooth Solutions of One-Dimensional Compressible Euler Equation with Gravity
We study one-dimensional motions of polytropic gas governed by the
compressible Euler equations. The problem on the half space under a constant
gravity gives an equilibrium which has free boundary touching the vacuum and
the linearized approximation at this equilibrium gives time periodic solutions.
But it is not easy to justify the existence of long-time true solutions for
which this time periodic solution is the first approximation. The situation is
in contrast to the problem of free motions without gravity. The reason is that
the usual iteration method for quasilinear hyperbolic problem cannot be used
because of the loss of regularities which causes from the touch with the
vacuum. Interestingly, the equation can be transformed to a nonlinear wave
equation on a higher dimensional space, for which the space dimension, being
larger than 4, is related to the adiabatic exponent of the original
one-dimensional problem. We try to find a family of solutions expanded by a
small parameter. Applying the Nash-Moser theory, we justify this expansion.The
application of the Nash-Moser theory is necessary for the sake of conquest of
the trouble with loss of regularities, and the justification of the
applicability requires a very delicate analysis of the problem
Validation of Repetitive Volcanoseismic Signals in Aso Volcano, Japan With Distant Stations: Implications of Source Characterization and Remote Sensing in Uninstrumented Volcanoes
Repetitive volcano-seismic signals, including very long-period signals (VLP) and long-period signals (LP), provide a unique probe of fluid transport processes inside magmatic plumbing system. While syn-eruptive signals are often detected and analyzed with regional or/and global seismic networks to retrieve eruption location and mechanism, repetitive non-eruptive volcano-seismic signals are generally small, and they are typically detected with in-situ stations near the volcanic edifices. Here, we show that repetitive VLP and synchronous deformation events in Aso volcano, Japan, can be detected in the high (15-30 s) and low (50-100 s) VLP bands, respectively, at seismic stations located ∼30-1000 km away from their sources. Changes in the polarities, phases, and amplitudes of VLP and synchronous deformation events observed at the in-situ stations can be verified by the seismic waves in the two VLP bands, respectively, at distant stations up to 150 km. Forward modeling of the amplitude decay in the two VLP bands against epicentral distance corroborates the source locations previously determined by the in-situ data, whereas the joint data analysis of in-situ and distant stations at high VLP band suggests the presence of single-force component (i.e., force/moment ratio of 10-4 m-1) in the source of VLPs. We advocate that not only can systematic data mining against established global and regional seismic networks potentially expand the detection capability of repetitive volcano-seismic signals backward in time when in-situ observations were unavailable, but it could also substantially improve the detection and monitoring capacity in otherwise un-instrumented volcanoes, complementary to remote sensing of ground deformation
Large Trench-Parallel Gravity Variations Predict Seismogenic Behavior in Subduction Zones
We demonstrate that great earthquakes occur predominantly in regions with
a strongly negative trench-parallel gravity anomaly (TPGA), whereas regions
with strongly positive TPGA are relatively aseismic. These observations suggest
that, over time scales up to at least 1 million years, spatial variations of
seismogenic behavior within a given subduction zone are stationary and linked
to the geological structure of the fore-arc. The correlations we observe are
consistent with a model in which spatial variations in frictional properties on
the plate interface control trench-parellel variations in fore-arc topography,
gravity, and seismogenic behavior
Slip distribution and tectonic implication of the 1999 Chi‐Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake
We report on the fault complexity of the large (M_w = 7.6) Chi‐Chi earthquake obtained by inverting densely and well‐distributed static measurements consisting of 119 GPS and 23 doubly integrated strong motion records. We show that the slip of the Chi-Chi earthquake was concentrated on the surface of a ”wedge shaped” block. The inferred geometric complexity explains the difference between the strike of the fault plane determined by long period seismic data and surface break observations. When combined with other geophysical and geological observations, the result provides a unique snapshot of tectonic deformation taking place in the form of very large (>10m) displacements of a massive wedge‐shaped crustal block which may relate to the changeover from over‐thrusting to subducting motion between the Philippine Sea and the Eurasian plates
Anomalous pressure behavior of tangential modes in single-wall carbon nanotubes
Using the molecular dynamics simulations and the force constant model we have
studied the Raman-active tangential modes (TMs) of a (10, 0) single-wall carbon
nanotube (SWNT) under hydrostatic pressure. With increasing pressure, the
atomic motions in the three TMs present obvious diversities. The pressure
derivative of E1g, A1g, and E2g mode frequency shows an increased value (), a
constant value (), and a negative value () above 5.3 GPa, respectively. The
intrinsic characteristics of TMs consumedly help to understand the essence of
the experimental T band of CNT. The anomalous pressure behavior of the TMs
frequencies may be originated from the tube symmetry alteration from D10h to
D2h then to C2h.Comment: 15 pages, 3 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Quark deconfinement phase transition for improved quark mass density-dependent model
By using the finite temperature quantum field theory, we calculate the finite
temperature effective potential and extend the improved quark mass
density-dependent model to finite temperature. It is shown that this model can
not only describe the saturation properties of nuclear matter, but also explain
the quark deconfinement phase transition successfully. The critical temperature
is given and the effect of - meson is addressed.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
Effects of the -cluster structure and the intrinsic momentum component of nuclei on the longitudinal asymmetry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
The longitudinal asymmetry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions arises from
the fluctuation in the number of participating nucleons. This asymmetry causes
a rapidity shift in the center of mass of the participant zone. Both the
rapidity shift and the longitudinal asymmetry have been found to be significant
at the top LHC energy for collisions of identical nuclei. However, much
discussion of the longitudinal asymmetry has treated the initial condition as a
non-zero momentum only contributed only by the number of participants, i.e.,
the asymmetry depends only on the number of participating nucleons. In this
work, we consider other effects on the longitudinal asymmetry other than
fluctuation in the number of participants, e.g. the intrinsic momentum
distribution as well as -clustering structure in the target or
projectile nuclei for the collisions in the framework of a multiphase transport
(AMPT) model. By introducing systems with different -clustering
structure and intrinsic momentum distribution, we calculated ratio of different
systems' rapidity distribution and extracted expansion coefficient to analyze
the difference contributed by these factors. And we investigated the possible
effect of non-Gaussian distribution on the rapidity distribution. These results
may help us to constrain the initial conditions in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion
collisions, and suggest a quantitative correction on final state measurement
and a possible correlation between the initial condition and the final-state
observable in LHC and RHIC energy.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
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