The Comparative Study Of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions From The Forest And Agricultural Soils

Magistro darbe analizuojami organinės anglies ir suminio azoto koncentracijos Lietuvos išplautžemiuose (Luvisols) ir smėlžemiuose (Arenosols) bei anglies dioksido (CO2) koncentracijos ir išsiskyrimas iš šių dirvožemių skirtingoje žemėnaudoje. Darbo objektai – Lietuvos miško dirvožemių monitoringo nuolatinio stebėjimo plotelių smėlžemiai ir išplautžemiai. Dirvožemio CO2 išsiskyrimo tyrimai 2009 m. vykdyti dviejose tyrimų objektų grupėse: (1) smėlžemiuose augančiuose amžiaus ugdytuose ir neugdytuose paprastosios pušies medynuose ir dirvonuojančioje žemėje (LAMMC filialo Žemdirbystės instituto Perlojos bandymų stotis); (2) Dotnuvos girininkijos išplautžemiuose augančiame karpotojo beržo medyne, Akademijos miško parke ir pašarinių žirnių pasėliuose (LAMMC filialo Žemdirbystės instituto bandymai). Darbo tikslas – palyginti CO2 išsiskyrimą iš išplautžemių ir smėlžemių miško bei agro ekosistemose. Darbo metodai – dirvožemio organinės anglies (org. C) koncentracijų smėlžemiuose ir išplautžemiuose palyginimui naudoti Lietuvos miško dirvožemių monitoringo (1992 m., 16x16 km) duomenys. Išsiskyręs iš dirvožemio CO2 matuotas su ADC BioScientific LCi CO2 analizavimo sistema. Dirvožemio drėgniui bei temperatūrai matuoti buvo naudojamas Delta-T Devices dirvos drėgmės matuoklis HH2. Darbo rezultatai. Lietuvos miškų dirvožemio monitoringo (stebėsenos) duomenų analizė parodė, kad Lietuvos miškų išplautžemiai yra žymiai derlingesni už miškų smėlžemius. Dirvožemio CO2 išsiskyrimas intensyviau vyko miško, o ne žemės ūkio ekosistemose. Nustatyta dirvožemio CO2 priklausomybė nuo dirvožemio drėgmės ir temperatūros. Didėjant šiems rodikliams CO2 išsiskyrimas iš dirvožemio visuose tirtuose biotopuose mažėjo.Master thesis presents the data on the concentrations of organic carbon and total nitrogen in Lithuanian forest Luvisols and Arenosols. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the soils in different land use were studied as well. Object of the work – Luvisols and Arenosols in permanent observation plots of Lithuanian forest soil monitoring. The investigation of soil CO2 emissions were performed in two groups of the plots (in 2009): (1) in thinned and not-thinned Scots Pine stands and abandoned arable land on Arenosols; (2) in Silver Birch stand, forest park and cropland of the pease on Luvisols. Aim of the work – to compare CO2 emissions from Luvisols and Arenosols in forest and agricultural ecosystems. Method of the work – soil CO2 emissions were measured with portable CO2 analyser ADC BioScientific LCi. In addition soil moisture and soil temperature were determined with Delta-T Devices HH2. The results of the work. Lithuanian forest soil monitoring data analysis showed that Lithuanian forest Luvisols is much more productive than forests Arenosols. Soil CO2 emissions were more intensive in forest than in agricultural ecosystems. The analysis also showed that CO2 emissions from soil declined along both soil moisture and soil temperature increased.Žemės ūkio akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

The reasons why youth are interested in gambling

The purpose of my work was to reveal (discover) the reason why youth are interested in gambling. One of the reasons I decided to choose this subject because I find it very interesting and just recently gambling became legal in Lithuania. With the exception of some newspapers reviews, gambling as a social problem haven’t been researched in Lithuania and in particularly gambling problems among youth. In the theory part of my work I explain the meaning of gambling, review the history and development of gambling, also the classification of games and gamblers, review the scale how gambling is spread world wide and in Lithuania, I point out the specific of the youth gamblers. In the last part of my work I analyzed the reason why youth are interested in gambling. I also present my interviews with a gamblers and the reason why they are interested and drawn into gambling. I compare gambling to other form of entertainment; discuss the levels of involvement in gambling, the problems it create and how to prevent. The methods used in my work are: the analysis of scientific literature, historical-comparison, statistic and qualitative analysis interview. I use a snowball selection; the results were used based on individual interviews with individual gamblers and in various places. All interviews were done by asking questions, which I prepared in advance and all discussion was recorded. I strongly believe that my work will be useful and will help to prevent the spread of gambling problem and serve as an educational tool.Švietimo akademijaVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Youth’s interest in gambling games and means of involvement

Straipsnyje pateikti „sniego gniūžtės“ metodu atrinkti ir giluminio interviu būdu surinkti bei tematinės analizės metodu išanalizuoti jaunimo, įsitraukusio į azartinius lošimus, tyrimo rezultatai. Siekta atskleisti jaunimo, įsitraukusio į azartinius lošimus, patirtį ir atkreipti dėmesį į vis didėjančią visuomenės ir pačių lošėjų problemą. Norėta išsiaiškinti, kada interviu dalyviai pradėjo domėtis azartiniais lošimais, kokios aplinkybės paskatino juos įsitraukti į šią veiklą ir kuo azartinis lošimas pranašesnis palyginti su kitomis pramogomis. Paaiškėjo, kad tyrimo dalyviai, lygindami azartinius lošimus su kitomis pramogomis, išskiria daugybę privalumų, kurie, sprendžiant tik iš konteksto, tartum maskuoja probleminius dalykus ir turi perkeltinę prasmę. Labiau įsitraukusiems į šią veiklą, azartiniai lošimai tampa gyvenimo dalimiThe article presents the results of the survey, concerning the youth immersed in gambling games, which were received applying Snowball Sampling Method and Depth Interview, and analyzed by the method of Thematic Analysis. The aim of the research has been to disclose the youth’s, involved in gambling games, experience and give attention to the increasing society’s and gamblers’ problem. It was ascertained when the interviewees took an interest in gambling, what were the circumstances that stimulated the involvement into gambling and what advantages it has in comparison to other kinds of entertainment. It was observed that the youth, previously in childhood and adolescence, got interested in the activity of gambling, whereas the process of involvement into it was gradual and impermanent. The research identified that the interest of interviewees in gambling had been influenced by indirect factors such as illegal gambling as well as legitimating of gambling games. This attraction was highly impelled by advertisements during massive events, in shopping centers, on television, the internet and other means of mass media. The youth’s engagement into gambling was also influenced by watching and taking part in sporting events, likewise gambling during trips, journeys to foreign countries. An extensive impact on gamblers’ interest and involvement had business partners, family members, relatives and friends that had already been gambling. Gambling games are interrelated with people‘s free time and multifarious entertainment, this is the reason for youth to equalize gambling with other types of activities, in which incidental features to gambling might be envisaged. One part of the respondents associate gambling with sports games such as football, volleyball, basketball, chess, checkers, windsurfing, motoring, bobsleigh, while the others think that gambling does not differ from other types of entertainment. [...]Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŠvietimo akademij