The Influence of Calcium Intake During the Period of Sexual Maturation of Pullets on its Retention and Eggshell Quality of Laying Hens

The aim of the study was to determine the calcium requirements in preparation period of the sexual mature and egg-laying and evaluate development of calcium retention in the first laying period of the hybrid combination Bovans Brown hens. The experimental trial lasted from 14 to 30 weeks of hens age. The animals were fed ad libitum with a pelleted complete feed mixture with 42 g/kg of calcium content. The amount of calcium retained by pullets gradually increased along with feed intake depending on age and preparation for sexual maturity and was around 0.39 +- 0.19 g Ca in the first period. Ca retention increased up to an average of 0.85 g Ca from 8 day before laying the first egg. Retention dropped sharply on the day of laying the 1st egg and a negative Ca balance occurred. Shell output was 1.75 +- 0.21 g/day for the beginning of laying and subsequently increased to 2.23 +- 0.08 g/ day during evaluate peak laying. The range weight of the first laid eggs was 45 +- 5 g. Percentage of eggshell move around an average of 10 +- 0.37% throughout the observed period. The daily calcium intake of pullets was 3.56 +- 0.26 g/day. With the beginning of laying, the daily intake increased to an average of 4.51 +- 0.43 g/day Ca. Before reaching sexual maturity, the calcium apparent digestibility of laying hens was relatively low, averaging around 22%, but the moment the hens began to lay, the apparent calcium digestibility began to increase to an average of 50%. Feeding a non-standard feed mixture with a higher calcium content than usual in mixtures for pullets did not have a negative effect on the finishing of animal development, the onset of sexual maturity, or deterioration of the observed parameters of eggs quality.O

Caraway (Carum carvi L.) in Fast-growing and Slow-Growing Broiler Chickens' Diets and its Effect on Performance, Digestive Tract Morphology and Blood Biochemical Profile

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of caraway (1%) in fast-growing and slow-growing broiler chickens' diet and its effect on performance parameters, blood biochemical profile, and relative organ sizes and ileum morphology in slow-growing broilers. Two separated experiments were performed. On the first day of age, the broilers were divided into two equal groups (Control and Caraway) with six replicates per treatment in both experiments. Experiment I: The total of 276 male fast-growing Ross 308 broiler chickens were used. The trial lasted from the first day to 35th day of chickens' age. Experiment II: The total of 216 male slow-growing (Hubbard JA 57) broilers were used. The trial lasted from the first to 50th day of chickens' age. Mean liveweight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, blood biochemical parameters and relative organ sizes were not significantly different in these trials. The group of slow-growing broilers supplemented with 1% of caraway in the diet showed longer villi and deeper crypt in the ileum after 50 days of life. Based on our results, it can be stated that the proportion of 1% caraway in fast-growing and slow-growing broiler chickens' diet did not influence performance parameters, blood biochemical profile and relative organ sizes. In case of the experiment with the slow-growing broilers supplemented with caraway, a significant difference in the height of the villi and the depth of the crypts was found. Caraway can be included in the broiler chickens' diets without negative effects, but further study of the effect on the intestinal morphology is necessary.O

Influence of feeding colored wheat varieties on selected quality parameters of broiler chicken’s meat

The effect of feeding colored wheat varieties (PS&nbsp;Karkulka and Skorpion) on chicken&acute;s performance and texture, color and sensory characteristics of broiler chicken&acute;s meat were evaluated in this study. The experiment was performed with 66 of Ross 308 cockerels. Cockerels were divided into three equal groups. The two experimental groups received feed mixtures containing 40% of wheats with different grain colour: groups PS Karkulka (n = 22) with PS&nbsp;Karkulka wheat cultivar and Skorpion (n = 22) with Skorpion cultivar. The third group (n = 22) had 40% of common wheat V&aacute;nek cultivar (Control). The live weight of broilers between all three groups was not significant different, as well as carcass yield and chemical composition of breast and thigh meat of chickens. In the parameter Razor Shear Force was found statistically significant higher breast meat tenderness in PS Karkulka against Control and Skorpion groups. In parameters L* and b* of colour of the meat samples was found statistically significant higher value in L* parameter in Skorpion group and b* parameter was higher in Control group. The total colour change was 2.25 and 2.53 for PS Karkulka and Skorpion group, respectively. In sensory analysis of broilers breast muscle was found statistically significant differences in odour, colour, fibreness, chewiness, juiciness and flavour parameter. The fatty taste parameter was non-significant. The odour parameter of chicken&acute;s breast muscle was significantly lower in Skorpion group against PS&nbsp;Karkulka and Control groups. The significantly most intense colour of breast muscle was found in Control group versus Skorpion and PS Karkulka groups (91.71 mm, 79.71 mm and 71.15 mm, respectively). The fibreness parameter was significantly higher for Control group, as well. Significantly higher chewiness of breast meat was in Control (68.49 mm) than PS Karkulka (52.02 mm) and Skorpion (43.32 mm) group. The feeding of wheat cultivars with different grain pigmentation had no effect on performance parameters of broiler chicken&acute;s as well as to it&acute;s body and chemical composition of breast and thigh meat in this study. 16.00 Normal 0 21 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List

Zařazení pšenice s modrým zabarvením aleuronové vrstvy do krmné dávky brojlerů

This diploma thesis deal with influence inclusion wheat with blue color aleurone layer into ratio of broilers. The experiment was conducted on hybrid broiler chickens Ros 308. The chickens were divided into 30 pieces to the control group which were fed with control feed mixture containing 38.2% wheat Vánek and experimental group which were fed with the experimental feed mixture containing 38.2% blue wheat UC66049. The effect of blue wheat was monitored on weight gain, feed consumption, carcass yield, chemical composition of meat, antioxidant activity, blood biochemical parameters and the microbial population. Statistically significant difference between the groups was observed comparing the weight of chicks aged 29 days and evaluating the average increment in the range of 22 to 29 days of age.Feeding of blue wheat UC66049 didn't have statistically significant on feed intake, feed conversion, carcass indicators, antioxidant aktivity, blood biochemical parametres and microbial population

Význam mikroorganismů v bachoru přežvýkavců

The bachelor thesis deals with the importance of the microorganisms in the rumen. Work includes both theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the anatomy of the digestive tract of ruminants, rumen activity and microorganisms occurring in the rumen and the main part is devoted to their importance and impact. At the end of the theoretical part discusses the importance of feeding yeast, their impact on the health of individuals and the possible prevention of metabolic disorders. In the practical part, an attempt was made with two groups of cows (n = 5 in every group) witch obtained ratio with and without yeasts. Ruminal fluid was taken and content of voluntary fatty acids, NH3 concentration and quantity of protozoa was measured. There were non-significant differences between groups