Biopotraviny, biomed a pesticidy

Čas od času se v médiích objeví zpráva varující spotřebitele, že potraviny obsahují pesticidy. A jak je to možné, když mají být potraviny "ekologicky čisté". Loni to byla interpretace výsledků kontroly biopotravin v tržní síti, kterou zveřejnila Státní zemědělská a potravinářská inspekce. Letos dTest publikoval výsledky analýzy 17 vzorků medů odebraných z tržní sítě, z toho tři byly biomedy

Possible roles, positions, factors and components of dairying in organic farming – a rewiev, mapping, survey and comparison in the Czech Republic

The full-value experiment is questionable in evaluation organic dairying. It is problem to do a trial under comparable conditions for comparison of organic and conventional farming because of legislative reasons and necessity of long period of such event. Most of comparisons are carried out as practice descriptive observations and any of them has been carried out about milk production. That is main reason, why the aim of this work is to carry out a opening of monitoring of some production conditions and results of bio-dairying in the Czech Republic (CR). The quality aspects of sources, procedures and products are main topics of solution of projects about organic farming philosophy, in particular in solution of organic dairy foodstuff chain. There were choosen twelve organic dairy farms (survey II, 2006) for more detail research of production conditions according to results of exploratory questionnaire (2006, survey I, n = 85 pieces of questionnaire and 58 organic farms, which practicise dairying) in the CR. The climatology characteristics of selected organic dairy farms were as follows: (I) 562±149 m above sea level on the average (from 270 to 970 m a. s. l.); (II) 571.0±69.9 m above sea level, mean year temperature 6.0±1.1 ºC and average year rainfall sum 843.0±184.3 mm. It is clear according to previously mentioned figures that the organic (ecology) dairy farming is realized mostly in the mountain or sub-mountain areas (less favourable areas, LFAs) as compared to climatic conditions of CR mean profile. The results of investigation of organic farm (E) and breeder conditions and dairy cow health state, reproduction performance and milk quality in organic farms (I data file) as compared to conventional dairy cow herds (K) were: milk yield (E) was 14.2±3.4 kg of milk/cow/day on average and 5165±1112 kg/cow/year; E farms have 50 % free stables, some of them as different untraditional modifications (mostly in herds with low number of dairy cows); it is necessary to increase this amount for welfare improvement in the future; there are 52 % of binding stables in K herds; there (E) is high occurrence frequency of can milking equipments (46.4 %); there are 5.4 % cases of hand milking, 21.4 % of pipeline milking equipments and 26.8 % of milking parlours; there (K) are 3 % of can milking equipments, 50 % of pipeline milking equipments and 47 % of milking parlours; the average organic herd has 60±91 heads it means about 1/3 of K herd in the CR; geometrical average (xg) of organic herd size is 17 heads; daily milk deliveries were 1318±1475 kg in summer and 976±1368 kg in winter season (there is too high variability in the mentioned indicators); breed structure of E herds is 59.8 % of Bohemian Spotted cattle, 18.8 % of Holstein (H), 12.5 % of Jersey breed; H breed is dominating 47.5 % in K herds; average ratio of excluded milk (for secretion disorders or treatment) is 2.99 % in E herds and 4.6 % in K herds (P<0.01); also there (E) is lower occurrence of clinical mastitis 0.53±1.97 %; service period is 124.3 days in K and 98.7±46,1 days in E herds on average (P<0.01); there (E) is better insemination index 1.66±0.45 in comparison to K herds 2.07 (P<0.01); there is longer longevity as duration of production life of dairy cows in E herds (6.02 lactations, „about 141 % better”) in comparison to K herds (2.50 lactations, P<0.01); milk quality showed the average total mesophilic bacteria count (CPM) 36.0±26.8 ths. CFU/ml in organic farms (E), which is comparable to the conventional farms (K); somatic cell count (PSB) was 192±87 ths./ml in E herds and 256 ths./ml in K herds, which is in connection with the lower ratio of milk exclusion from delivery in E herds; an occurrence of residues of inhibitory substances (RIL) was not reported in E herds, which is more advantageous in comparison to the K herds (0.16 %) and it could be an impact of lowered antibiotica drug use; the average fat and lactose contents (T; 4.05±0.19 %) and (L; 4.83±0.15 %) are well comparable with K farms and the results show on higher energy deficiency in E herd nutrition. The water quality (II) is necessary in dairying as well. Drinking water is necessary for health of animals (their watering) and for milk quality (milking equipment sanitation) as well. Drinking water is asked in dairy farms by legislation. The E farm water quality: the nitrate level varied in the range from 1.63 to 28 mg/l with average 10.5 mg/l in ecological farms and standard limit 50 mg/l was not exceeded; the levels of nitrite and ammonia ions were mostly under detection limit of method; legislative limit <0.5 mg/l was not exceeded by nitrite and once by ammonia ions 0.81 mg/l. The microbiological indicators are more sensitive of course. In total the limits were exceeded 7× u in coliform bacteria, 3× in streptococci and Escherichia coli was confirmed 3× (in comparison to demand 0). Therefore it is necessary to take care of incidental water source sanitation. The effect of origin of water source (communal water pipes or own well in the organic farm area) which was used in the organic farming (II) was: the more marked result differences were not observed between own wells (S) and communal water supply (V) in E farms; an exception was stated in insignificantly better results of hygienic indicators of communal supply; therefore it is necessary to put the higher importance on sanitation of own water sources. There were identified eight own wells and four communal supply. E. g. nitrate levels were a little higher for wells 11.7 > 8.2 mg/l. The nitrites were not different. Chemical oxygen consumption was 0.45 and 0.52 mg/l. The more expressive differences were identified in chlorides, sulphates and Mg: 8.33 and 3.02 mg/l; 27.9 and 16.8 mg/l; 18.9 and 3.5 mg/l

A COMPARISON OF SELECTED MILK INDICATORS IN ORGANIC HERDS WITH CONVENTIONAL HERD AS REFERENCE

In a historical sense, current organic farming is an old-new alternative under changed world conditions. Organic dairying (O) is an alternative of friendly use of the environment in time of presupposed global climate changes. Potential impact of organic farming on raw cow-milk quality, composition and properties, as conpared to conventional milk production (C), were evaluatedin this paper on the basis of selectedm ilk indicators (MIs). Total solids, whey volume, pH of milk fermentation ability (FAM-pH), FAM streptococci, FAM noble lactic acid bacteria, I and Cu were higher in C milk (P0.05) were observed in pH, rennet coagulation time, curd quality, FAM lactobacilli and streptococci/lactobacilli, Na, Mn and Zn. In general, the differences were a little more advantageous for O milk from both technological and nutritional point of view, particularly because of AS (0.461 .81m m), FAM-T (27.3 4.6 ) , Ca (1172 < l257 mg.kg-1)P, ( 950 < l004 mg. kg-1) and Mg 107.4<ll2.0mg.kg{) results. Organic milk can also produce better environment for yoghurt fermentation. Nevertheless, the results obtained should not be overestimated as both sources produced milk of good quality. Additional results are needed to prove organic milk benefits

Ekologické zemědělství, učebnice pro školy i praxi. I. díl. Základy EZ, agroenvironmentální aspekty a pěstování rostlin

První učebnice ekologického zemědělství v České republice. Obsahuje základy filosofie a praxe v ekologickém zemědělství, zaměřené na rostlinnou produkci a v samostatné kapitole informuje o biodynamickém zemědělství

Organic Agriculture

The “Organic Agriculture” (OA) book provides anyone interested in this type of farming with a practically focused textbook. The book gives a basic summary of work covering all relevant themes on which the most competent authors, coordinated by Czech experts - Borivoj Šarapatka and Jirí Urban, provide definitive contributions valid not only within the Czech Republic. The book is recommended for practical farming but also as a textbook for teachers and students. The real value of the book is in the fact that it has been compiled by a number of OA specialists and institutions focusing on this area of agriculture - to meet the demand for a comprehensive publication. The book includes chapters on the history and present status of OA in Europe, the legal status of organic agriculture methods (in accordance with European Council Regulation (EC) No. 834/2007 and Commission Regulation No. 889/2008), the environmental effects of OA, plant production, soil, plant nutrition and fertilization, cultivation of crops, weed control, permanent grassland, organic fruit and vegetable-growing, organic viticulture and wine-making, animal husbandry and animal breeding

Does money help predict inflation?:an empirical assessment for central Europe

This paper investigates the predictive ability of money for future inflation in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Writers construct monetary indicators similar to those the ECB regularly uses for monetary analysis

Analýza ekologického hospodaření na orné půdě

Studie je zaměřena na posouzení struktury ekologicky hospodařících podniků a na indikaci faktorů ovlivňujících rozvoj ekologického zemědělství na orné půdě. Analýza struktury zemědělských podniků byla provedena na dvou testovacích souborech. Bylo prokázáno, že s přibývající nadmořskou výškou roste extenzita hospodaření, výrobní struktura podniku se zjednodušuje (zatravnění v kombinaci s chovem skotu BTPM). Při konverzi na ekologické zemědělství přistupují až ke stoprocentnímu zatravnění, což vyvolává utlumení produkčních zemědělských funkcí. S rostoucí nadmořskou výškou klesá podíl orné půdy. V nedostatečné míře jsou zastoupeny zlepšující plodiny (brambory, pícniny na orné půdě a luskoviny). Existence řady ekologicky hospodařících podniků závisí na dotacích tvořících hlavní příjem. Ekologické zemědělství je dislokováno především do horských a podhorských oblastí, kde relativně dobře plní mimoprodukční environmentální funkci, zatímco produkční funkce je plněna naprosto nedostatečně. Poptávka po biopotravinách, ač dosud nízká, ani možnosti exportu, nejsou pokryty domácí produkcí. Přechod k multifunkcionalitě, vyžadující vysoký stupeň diverzifikace, je nedostatečný. Má-li dojít k rozšíření ekologického zemědělství na orné půdě, je nezbytné přistoupit především k překlasifikování podpor produkčních a mimoprodukčních funkcí ekologického zemědělství. Druhým limitujícím faktorem jsou nedostatečné zpracovatelské kapacity pro bioprodukci. Na dobré úrovni není ani kreativita zemědělců a poradenský servis v oblasti produkce, zpracování a marketingu. Je nutné vyhodnotit efektivnost dotací na TTP a ornou půdu, podpořit trh s biopotravinami, zkvalitnit poradenství pro oblast prvovýroby a zpracování bioproduktů zejména přímo na ekofarmě, zajistit informace týkající se cen, výroby, zpracování, spotřeby a obchodu v oblasti biopotravin, konečně podpořit u zemědělců schopnost kombinovat produkční a environmentální činnosti podle komparativních výhod podniku, stanoviště, či regionu. Ekologické zemědělství musí být nadále vzorem rozvoje multifunkčního zemědělství, respektive hospodaření v krajině

Faremní zpracování mléka v ekologickém zemědělství

Cílem příručky je podat ucelené informace o možnostech faremního zpracování mléka a prodeji ze dvora. Příručka neslouží jako pevně stanovený návod, svou cestu si každý musí najít sám, ale pomůže vám zorientovat se v legislativě, zodpovědět si všechny možné otázky než v podnikání začnete a udělat si představu o tom, co vše budete muset splnit a zabezpečit. Pokud si pravdivě a realisticky odpovíte všechny otázky v příručce zmíněné, zjistíte potřebné požadavky pro vlastní realizaci prvního prodaného produktu. K tomu, aby cesta k jeho získání nebyla složitá a zdlouhavá, by vám měla posloužit tato metodika

The impact of organic farming on mineral composition of cow milk

Milk mineral matters are important in human nutrition, especially Ca, Mg and I. Increase of milk Mg along decrease of NPK soil fertilization under the Czech Republic (CR) conditions was predicted. This hypothetical prediction is based on antagonistic relationships between K fertilization, Mg level in cow roughage feeding and transfer of Mg into milk. In difference testing the conventional (C) cow milk was reference versus organic (O) milk. Holstein bulk milk samples (BMS) from winter and summer season in 4 C (n = 32 BMSs) and in 4 O (n = 16) herds were investigated. 6 herds were and 2 C were not grazed, other nutrition was typical under the CR conditions. Average MY of C herds was 7016±1068 and MY of O herds was 7037±422 kg per lactation. Macro- and microelements were investigated: Ca, P, Na, Mg and K (in mg kg-1); I (in μg l-1), Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn (in mg kg-1). Somatic cell count (SCC) was lower (P>0.05) in O herds (geometric mean 216 0.05) in terms of trends confirm predicted hypothesis that Na, Ca and Mg will be higher after NPK fertilization decrease. Smaller investigated changes in mineral composition were better for human nutrition in O. Key words: organic farming, dairying, cow milk, mineral milk composition, inorganic fertilizer, calcium, magnesiu