TERRISCOPE: AN OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH PLATFORM USING AIRCRAFT AND UAS FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF CONTINENTAL SURFACES

ONERA is developing TERRISCOPE, a new platform to characterize the environment and the continental surfaces by optical remote sensing using manned aircrafts and UAS (Unmanned Airborne System). The objective of TERRISCOPE is to make available to the scientific community combinations of optical measurements remotely sensed with the best level state-of-the-art sensors. Different kinds of sensors have already been acquired or are still being acquired: Hyperspectral sensors (0.5–2.5 μm range), visible high resolution cameras, multispectral infrared cameras and airborne laser scanners. Each sensor is declined in two versions: one high performance for manned aircrafts and one more compact for UAS. This paper describes the whole equipment, and presents the main characteristics and performances of the carriers, the sensors and the processing chain. Possible sensors combinations on airplanes and UAS are also presented, as well as preliminary results

Emergent Functional Properties of Neuronal Networks with Controlled Topology

The interplay between anatomical connectivity and dynamics in neural networks plays a key role in the functional properties of the brain and in the associated connectivity changes induced by neural diseases. However, a detailed experimental investigation of this interplay at both cellular and population scales in the living brain is limited by accessibility. Alternatively, to investigate the basic operational principles with morphological, electrophysiological and computational methods, the activity emerging from large in vitro networks of primary neurons organized with imposed topologies can be studied. Here, we validated the use of a new bio-printing approach, which effectively maintains the topology of hippocampal cultures in vitro and investigated, by patch-clamp and MEA electrophysiology, the emerging functional properties of these grid-confined networks. In spite of differences in the organization of physical connectivity, our bio-patterned grid networks retained the key properties of synaptic transmission, short-term plasticity and overall network activity with respect to random networks. Interestingly, the imposed grid topology resulted in a reinforcement of functional connections along orthogonal directions, shorter connectivity links and a greatly increased spiking probability in response to focal stimulation. These results clearly demonstrate that reliable functional studies can nowadays be performed on large neuronal networks in the presence of sustained changes in the physical network connectivity

On the challenges of detecting whole Staphylococcus aureus cells with biosensors

International audienc

Biochips for Direct Detection and Identification of Bacteria in Blood Culture-Like Conditions

Abstract Bloodstream bacterial infections are life-threatening conditions necessitating prompt medical care. Rapid pathogen identification is essential for early setting of the best anti-infectious therapy. However, the bacterial load in blood samples from patients with bacteremia is too low and under the limit of detection of most methods for direct identification of bacteria. Therefore, a preliminary step enabling the bacterial multiplication is required. To do so, blood cultures still remain the gold standard before bacteremia diagnosis. Bacterial identification is then usually obtained within 24 to 48 hours -at least- after blood sampling. In the present work, the fast and direct identification of bacteria present in blood cultures is completed in less than 12 hours, during bacterial growth, using an antibody microarray coupled to a Surface Plasmon Resonance imager (SPRi). Less than one bacterium (Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis) per milliliter of blood sample is successfully detected and identified in blood volumes similar to blood tests collected in clinics (i.e. several milliliters). This proof of concept demonstrates the workability of our method for human samples, despite the highly complex intrinsic nature of unprocessed blood. Our label-free method then opens new perspectives for direct and faster bacterial identification in a larger range of clinical samples

Contrôle du risque d'exposition aux actinides lors d'un arrêt de tranche dans une centrale nucléaire

La maîtrise du risque d'exposition interne à des radionucléides émetteurs alpha, pour les travailleurs des chantiers de maintenance des centrales PWR d'EDF, repose sur l'identification et la quantification de la contamination des circuits primaires. Les moyens de protection sont adaptés en fonction de l'analyse de risque préalable. En 2001, une expérimentation réalisée sur le site de Cattenom lors d'un arrêt de tranche présentant des défauts d'étanchéité du combustible, basée sur des mesures de radionucléides émetteurs α, a permis de définir un facteur réaliste de mise en suspension des particules de 10-6 m-1. Pour cet arrêt de tranche, une surveillance adaptée des travailleurs a été mise en place en collaboration avec les services de médecine du travail et de radioprotection. Elle était basée sur une estimation préalable du niveau de contamination alpha, confirmée par des mesures sur frottis, une surveillance atmosphérique par balise, la mise en place de protections individuelles et collectives, et le suivi collectif par l'analyse de mouchages sur des agents sélectionnés en fonction de leur poste de travail et des mesures individuelles complémentaires (surveillance de l'excrétion fécale). Cette surveillance a permis de valider un suivi de chantier approprié, les protections collectives et individuelles mises en œuvre, et de vérifier lors cet arrêt de tranche l'absence de contamination des agents surveillés

DETERMINISTIC LATERAL DISPLACEMENT FOR THE SORTING OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES FROM COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

International audienc