Postoperative infection following strabismus surgery: case series and increased incidence in a single large referral center

Purpose To identify and analyze cases of postoperative infection following strabismus surgery at a large referral center and to report the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. Methods An electronic database search identified strabismus procedures at Duke Eye Center from July 1996 to October 2017. Diagnosis codes for periocular infections were used to further identify patients with possible infections following strabismus surgery. Results Of 9,111 strabismus surgeries, 13 (0.14%) met criteria for probable infection, all occurring since October 2012 (0/6580 before vs 13/2531 [0.51%] after; P < 0.0001). Mean age of infection cases was 11.4 years; 11 patients (85%) were under 18 years of age. Associated previous diagnoses were genetic abnormalities with associated developmental delay (n = 5 [38%]), previous skin or ear infection (n = 4 [31%]), and acute or chronic rhinitis (n = 3 [23%]). Infection site cultures revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3 [23%]), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (n = 3 [23%]), and Streptococcus pyogenes/group-A Streptococcus (n = 2 [15%]). Only 1 case had bilateral infection. Infection remained extraocular in all cases, but one eye lost light perception secondary to optic atrophy. No common surgeon/procedure/preparation-related risks were identified. Conclusions A unifying explanation for the increase in post–strabismus surgery infections at Duke Eye Center was not identified. Potential risk factors include age <18 years, developmental delay, immune compromise, preceding nonocular infection, and bacterial colonization