International adaptations of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory: Construct validity and clinical applications

Item does not contain fulltextThis article examines the influence of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) as a clinical and research instrument beyond the borders of the United States. The MCMI's theoretical and empirical grounding, its alignment with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and scales that can be interpreted both categorically and dimensionally, are the primary features that make the test attractive. We begin with studies that evaluated the construct equivalence of the different language adaptations. Data from the most widely researched non English-language forms (Danish, Dutch, and Spanish) show excellent comparability with Millon's original. Nevertheless, significant problems were noted in efforts to create clinical groups that would allow for equivalence of diagnostic accuracy when using the cutoff scores. Although dimensional aspects of the scale scores were not affected by this, the adapted measures might show attenuated diagnostic accuracy compared with Millon's original. Next, we present MCMI studies conducted in clinical settings to document where the adapted tests have made their greatest impact in the international literature. A wide variety of clinical applications demonstrated broad utility, and given the high number of issues addressed, we think Millon's influence will certainly stand the test of time in different domains and settings.19 p

The Adaptation of the MCMI-III in Two Non-English Speaking Countries: State of the Art of the Dutch Language Version

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Assessment of pathological traits in DSM-5 personality disorders by the DAPP-BQ: How do these traits relate to the six personality disorder types of the alternative model?

Contains fulltext : 201303.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)The six personality disorder (PD) types in DSM-5 section III are intended to resemble their DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PD counterparts, but are now described by the level of personality functioning (criterion A) and an assigned trait profile (criterion B). However, concerns have been raised about the validity of these PD types. The present study examined the continuity between the DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PDs and the corresponding trait profiles of the six DSM-5 section III PDs in a sample of 350 Dutch psychiatric patients. Facets of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) were presumed as representations (proxies) of the DSM-5 section III traits. Correlational patterns between the DAPP-BQ and the six PDs were consistent with previous research between DAPP-BQ and DSM-IV PDs. Moreover, DAPP-BQ proxies were able to predict the six selected PDs. However, the assigned trait profile for each PD didn't fully match the corresponding PD.22 p

The MMPI-2-Restructured Form and the standard MMPI-2 clinical scales in relation to DSM-IV

Item does not contain fulltextIn a Dutch sample of psychiatric outpatients (N = 94), we linked the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher et al., 2001) Clinical scales and MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) Higher-Order (H-O) scales, Restructured Clinical (RC) scales and Specific Problem scales to the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV, 4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) by First, Spitzer, Gibbon, and Williams (1995). Overall, the H-O scales, RC scales, and Specific Problem scales display meaningful relationships to Axis I and Axis II disorders conceptualized by the DSM-IV. In addition, the RC scales demonstrate a moderate improvement in validity over the standard Clinical scales. Theoretical and clinical implications are considered.7 p

Personality and psychopathology: Higher order relations between the five factor model of personality and the MMPI-2 Restructured Form

Item does not contain fulltextThis study investigates the relationship between personality and psychopathology as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and the Minnesota Multhiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) in a combined dataset of patients with a broad range of psychiatric disorders (N = 472) and non-patients (N = 323). Results of a joint higher-order factor analysis suggest a positive affectivity and negative affectivity dimension at the top of the structure and a relatively weak integration of (normal) personality and psychopathology in combined factors at different levels of the structural analysis. Openness facets exemplify no relations with psychopathology at any level. Theoretical and clinical implications for the conceptualization and assessment of personality and psychopathology are considered

Differentiation between defensive personality functioning and psychopathology as measured by the DSQ-42 and MMPI-2-RF

Item does not contain fulltextDefensive functioning is considered one of the core aspects of personality functioning and its maturity level is regarded an important predictor of psychopathology and more specific personality pathology. The current investigation assesses the relation between overall defensive functioning, as measured by the Defense Style Questionnaire-42 (DSQ-42), and higher order models of psychopathology as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). The DSQ-42 and MMPI-2-RF was completed by 383 patients. We analysed the MMPI-2-RF personality and psychopathology as measured with the Restructured Clinical scales and the Personality Psychopathology Five-revised scales using Goldberg's Bass Ackwards Method. Higher order dimensions of personality and psychopathology in the current investigation demonstrated structural similarity with previously reported higher order models. Next we examined the optimal level of differentiation of defensive functioning, as measured by the DSQ-42 Total and Overall Defensive Functioning scores, to personality and psychopathology at each succeeding level of the hierarchical factor structures. Results indicated that immature defense mechanisms exemplify strong correlations with internalizing pathology (i.e., Demoralisation and Introversion), but not with externalizing pathology and thought disorder. The differentiation of defensive functioning from higher order models of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits seems to be limited, based on the current results. The DSQ-42 appeared to have a large overlap and correlations with internalizing pathology, which appeared to be due to its item content: mostly intrapsychic and immature defenses. Theoretical and clinical implications considering the use of the DSQ are discussed.13 p

Personality and psychopathology: Mapping the MMPI-2-RF on Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Personality

This study investigates the relationship between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in a combined data set (N = 491) of patients with a broad range of psychiatric disorders (n = 286) as well as alcohol use disorder (n = 205). We examined bivariate correlations between both measures. The MMPI-2-RF scales relate to the TCI dimensions as was hypothesized, and relationships between both measurements were largely similar for psychiatric patients and alcohol-dependent patients. Theoretical and clinical implications are considered