Eufonía : didáctica de la música

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónTítulo, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglésSe realiza una valoración de un nuevo enfoque en la formación y promoción de la salud en conservatorios y escuelas de música. La experiencia se está llevando a cabo en el Conservatori Municipal de Música J.M.ª Ruera de Granollers. Las acciones del proyecto se desarrollan a través de tres niveles: asignaturas de educación corporal para el alumnado, sesiones formativas para el profesorado y tutorías entre el profesor, el alumno y un experto en el problema presentado por el alumno. Se analizan los resultados de los dos primeros años de trabajo y se platean posibles acciones futuras.Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

A motor control model of task-specific dystonia and its rehabilitation.

Task-specific dystonia is a painless deficit of motor control specific to a particular motor skill. In this article we present a motor control model which integrates risk factors for the disorder with the neuroscientific literature of skill learning in health. We particularly focus on the idea that the amount and type of movement variability is critical and show how retraining therapies such as Differential Learning which reintroduces variability into practice can restore motor performance

Changing the Brain through Therapy for Musicians Hand Dystonia

Focal hand dystonia is a disorder in which sensory and motor anomalies emerge that appear to be grounded in maladaptive routes of cortical plasticity. Remodeling cortical networks through sensory-motor retuning (SMR), we achieved long-term reduction in the symptoms of focal hand dystonia. Magnetoencephalography confirmed that SMR modified the representational cortex of the fingers, whereby the representation of the affected hand was reorganized so that it resembled more the organization of the non-affected side. Furthermore, we observed differences in abnormal tactile acuity between patients with musician s cramp and those with writer s cramp: Using twopoint finger discrimination, dystonic musicians showed perceptual asymmetry between hands, while writer s cramp patients did not. To further evaluate the occurrence of collateral disturbances in focal dystonia, we assessed the clinical histories of 101 affected musicians. An important finding from this study was that dystonic musicians who play a similar first and second instrument reported a continuous worsening of their symptoms. In addition, collateral disturbances appeared with a shorter delay when more than one instrument was played. Taken together, these studies suggest that (1) neurological dysfunction can be reversed by context-specific training protocols, (2) specific symptomatic and etiological differences among various forms of focal hand dystonia might result from different behavioral experiences and their central representation, and (3) the spread of symptoms might be prevented by avoiding training that implies movement patterns similar to the main affected task, and by reducing the amount of task-associated movement behavior

Work-related pain in extrinsic finger extensor musculature of instrumentalists is associated with intracellular pH compartmentation during exercise.

BACKGROUND: Although non-specific pain in the upper limb muscles of workers engaged in mild repetitive tasks is a common occupational health problem, much is unknown about the associated structural and biochemical changes. In this study, we compared the muscle energy metabolism of the extrinsic finger extensor musculature in instrumentalists suffering from work-related pain with that of healthy control instrumentalists using non-invasive phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS). We hypothesize that the affected muscles will show alterations related with an impaired energy metabolism. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied 19 volunteer instrumentalists (11 subjects with work-related pain affecting the extrinsic finger extensor musculature and 8 healthy controls). We used (31)P-MRS to find deviations from the expected metabolic response to exercise in phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), Pi/PCr ratio and intracellular pH kinetics. We observed a reduced finger extensor exercise tolerance in instrumentalists with myalgia, an intracellular pH compartmentation in the form of neutral and acid compartments, as detected by Pi peak splitting in (31)P-MRS spectra, predominantly in myalgic muscles, and a strong association of this pattern with the condition. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Work-related pain in the finger extrinsic extensor muscles is associated with intracellular pH compartmentation during exercise, non-invasively detectable by (31)P-MRS and consistent with the simultaneous energy production by oxidative metabolism and glycolysis. We speculate that a deficit in energy production by oxidative pathways may exist in the affected muscles. Two possible explanations for this would be the partial and/or local reduction of blood supply and the reduction of the muscle oxidative capacity itself