Optical control of electric-field poling in LiTaO₃

We present a room temperature technique for optically inducing periodic domain-inverted structures in bulk (0.2mm thick) LiTaO3. By simultaneous application of an electric field and patterned illumination using UV wavelengths (351nm and 364nm) we demonstrate modulation of the resulting domain profile. We discuss the origins of the observed optical effect and describe our results from repeated domain switching, by cycling the electric field

Competition and coexistence of multiple mutually pumped oscillations in the visible and infra-red

A photorefractive oscillator. mutually pumped by three wavelengths is presented in various configurations and competition effects demonstrated. The theoretical model used to simulate the behaviour of the oscillation beams is in good agreement with experimental data

Highly efficient self-pumped phase conjugation at near-infrared wavelengths by using nominally undoped BaTiO3

Using a nominally undoped crystal of photorefractive BaTiO3, we have examined self-pumped phase conjugation at near-infrared wavelengths. We report reflectivities as high as 74% between 720 and 800 nm. As expected, the crystal response time increases significantly at longer wavelengths. We believe that this value of reflectivity in the self-pumped geometry is the highest reported to date for this range of wavelengths with the use of a nominally undoped crystal

Double phase conjugate mirror with x6 gain in photorefractive BaTiO₃ at near infrared wavelengths

We describe incoherent beam coupling using the double phase-conjugate mirror arrangement between a laser diode and a Ti:sapphire laser at the near-infrared wavelengths of ~800nm using a nominally undoped sample of BaTiO3. We report phase-conjugate reflectivities of greater than 6 times, which we believe to be the highest reported to date at these wavelengths. We also examine the fidelity of the phase-conjugate beam and the wavelength response of the double-color-pumped oscillator

Superconducting correlations in metallic nanoparticles: exact solution of the BCS model by the algebraic Bethe ansatz

Superconducting pairing of electrons in nanoscale metallic particles with discrete energy levels and a fixed number of electrons is described by the reduced BCS model Hamiltonian. We show that this model is integrable by the algebraic Bethe ansatz. The eigenstates, spectrum, conserved operators, integrals of motion, and norms of wave functions are obtained. Furthermore, the quantum inverse problem is solved, meaning that form factors and correlation functions can be explicitly evaluated. Closed form expressions are given for the form factors that describe superconducting pairing.Comment: revised version, 5 pages, revtex, no figure

Strong photorefractive response of Rh:doped BaTiO₃ at red and infrared wavelengths

BaTiO3 crystal is one of the most efficient photorefractive materials, showing strong beam coupling and phase conjugation effects. Its attractive properties are, however, normally limited to visible wavelengths. In order to improve its infrared response, a new type of BaTiO3 has been grown [1] with additional impurities, mainly rhodium. We have investigated this new Rh:BaTiO3 to characterise its response and optical parameters. Our first results show an enhanced absorption at red and infrared wavelengths [2] and high reflectivities in self-pumped phase conjugate configurations. Additionally, strong laser-induced effects have been observed [3]. The aim of the studies presented in this contribution was to provide information about photorefractive centres present in Rh:BaTiO3. Using dual-wavelength illumination we were able to investigate more thoroughly the laser-induced change in absorption. Laser-induced absorption and transparency was measured at both visible (514.5, 633 and 750 nm) and infrared (800 and 1060 nm) wavelengths. Further, we have successfully modelled the observed changes, using numerical simulation of photorefractive centres, and achieved a good agreement between theory and experiment. The strong changes of absorption influence the beam-coupling processes and phase conjugation. We will present the results of extremely high two-beam coupling gain, namely bigger than 20,000, obtained in only a 3 mm thick crystal. We believe that this is the highest photorefractive gain ever reported. We will discuss this experimental data together with theoretical modelling

Analysis of (n,2n) cross-section measurements for nuclei up to mass 238

All suitable measurements of the energy dependence of (n,2n) cross sections of all isotopes up to mass 238 have been analyzed. The objectives were to display the quality of the measured data for each isotope and to examine the systematic dependence of the (n,2n) cross section upon N, Z, and A. Graphs and tables are presented of the ratio of the asymptotic (n,2n) and nonelastic cross section to the neutron-asymmetry parameter (N--Z)/A. Similar data are presented for the derived nuclear temperature, T, and level-density parameter, $alpha$, as a function of N, Z, and A. This analysis of the results of over 145 experiments on 61 isotopes is essentially a complete review of the current status of (n,2n) cross-section measurements. (auth

Noise reduction in 3D noncollinear parametric amplifier

We analytically find an approximate Bloch-Messiah reduction of a noncollinear parametric amplifier pumped with a focused monochromatic beam. We consider type I phase matching. The results are obtained using a perturbative expansion and scaled to a high gain regime. They allow a straightforward maximization of the signal gain and minimization of the parametric fluorescence noise. We find the fundamental mode of the amplifier, which is an elliptic Gaussian defining the optimal seed beam shape. We conclude that the output of the amplifier should be stripped of higher order modes, which are approximately Hermite-Gaussian beams. Alternatively, the pump waist can be adjusted such that the amount of noise produced in the higher order modes is minimized.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted to Applied Physics

Modifications of the Fine Structure of the Incisor Pulp of the Guinea Pig during Fxperimental Scurvy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68076/2/10.1177_00220345660450030301.pd

Continuity theorems for the M/M/1/nM/M/1/n queueing system

In this paper continuity theorems are established for the number of losses during a busy period of the $M/M/1/n$ queue. We consider an $M/GI/1/n$ queueing system where the service time probability distribution, slightly different in a certain sense from the exponential distribution, is approximated by that exponential distribution. Continuity theorems are obtained in the form of one or two-sided stochastic inequalities. The paper shows how the bounds of these inequalities are changed if further assumptions, associated with specific properties of the service time distribution (precisely described in the paper), are made. Specifically, some parametric families of service time distributions are discussed, and the paper establishes uniform estimates (given for all possible values of the parameter) and local estimates (where the parameter is fixed and takes only the given value). The analysis of the paper is based on the level crossing approach and some characterization properties of the exponential distribution.Comment: Final revision; will be published as i