'WARM-UP' EFFECTS ON FREQUENCY CONTENT OF EMG IN DYNAMIC EXERCISE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSING FATIGUE

The purpose of this study was to examine the implications of the increasing muscle temperature that occurs during dynamic exercise for using the frequency content of EMG for assessing muscle fatigue in such activities. It is known that the temperature of the active muscles can be elevated to around 40°C during prolonged exhaustive exercise (Saltin et ai, 1972) and that temperature changes can affect the frequency content of surface EMG (Merletti et ai, 1984). Several of the previous studies in this area have shown initial increases in median frequency (fmed) prior to a decline with fatigue where the activity was not proceeded by other exercise (Jansen et ai, 1997, Gosselin et ai, 2000, Hausswirth et ai, 2000). It is hypothesised that these initial rises are due to increasing muscle temperature and that this may affect the accurate measurement of fatigue

Reliability estimation based on operational data of manufacturing systems

Maintenance management has a direct influence on equipment reliability and safety. However, a large portion of traditional maintenance models and reliability analysis methods usually assumes that only perfect maintenance is performed on the system and the system will restore to as good as new regardless of the kind of preventive maintenance work-order that is performed. This is not practical in reality and may result in an inaccurate parametric estimation. The research objective of this paper is to develop a maximum likelihood estimation method to obtain more accurately estimated parameters based on the operational data of manufacturing systems, taking into consideration the difference between perfect and imperfect maintenance work-orders. Weibull distribution is specifically studied for this purpose. A practical case study based on industrial operational data from an automotive assembly line is performed to illustrate the implementation and efficiency of the proposed reliability estimation method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/61212/1/959_ftp.pd

A maturing partnership: eHumanities and the digital library

The relationship between the eHumanities and digital libraries is changing as both transform, mature and become more dynamic and productive. For many years the relationship manifested itself primarily in the digitisation of text and images, and in the development and application of standards such as TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) Guidelines and the use of xml for archiving and modes of representation through digital library

Transcriptome Analysis of CD4+ T Cells in Coeliac Disease Reveals Imprint of BACH2 and IFNγ Regulation

peer-reviewedData Availability: The raw sequencing reads (FASTQ files) and sequence read counts mapped to UCSC hg19 for each of the 74 transcriptomes sequenced in this study have been deposited at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) accession GSE69549.This project was funded by Science Foundation Ireland Grant number 09/IN.1/B2640 to RM.Genetic studies have to date identified 43 genome wide significant coeliac disease susceptibility (CD) loci comprising over 70 candidate genes. However, how altered regulation of such disease associated genes contributes to CD pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Recently there has been considerable emphasis on characterising cell type specific and stimulus dependent genetic variants. Therefore in this study we used RNA sequencing to profile over 70 transcriptomes of CD4+ T cells, a cell type crucial for CD pathogenesis, in both stimulated and resting samples from individuals with CD and unaffected controls. We identified extensive transcriptional changes across all conditions, with the previously established CD gene IFNy the most strongly up-regulated gene (log2 fold change 4.6; Padjusted = 2.40x10-11) in CD4+ T cells from CD patients compared to controls. We show a significant correlation of differentially expressed genes with genetic studies of the disease to date (Padjusted = 0.002), and 21 CD candidate susceptibility genes are differentially expressed under one or more of the conditions used in this study. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of immune related processes. Co-expression network analysis identified several modules of coordinately expressed CD genes. Two modules were particularly highly enriched for differentially expressed genes (P</iframe