Intersection of Multitape Transducers vs. Cascade of Binary Transducers: The Example of Egyptian Hieroglyphs Transliteration

International audienceThis paper uses the task of transliterating an Egyptian Hieroglyphic text into the latin alphabet as a model problem to compare two finite-state formalisms : the first one is a cascade of binary transducers; the second one is a class of multitape transducers expressing simultaneous constraints. The two systems are compared regarding their expressivity and readability. The first system tends to produce smaller machines, but is more tricky, whereas the second one leads to more abstract and structured rules.Cet article utilise une tache de translitération des hiéroglyphes égyptiens en alphabet latin pour comparer deux formalismes à états finis: le premier est une cascade de transducteurs binaires; le second repose sur des transducteurs multi-rubans exprimant des contraintes simultanées. Ces deux formalismes sont comparés du point de vue de l'expressivité et de la lisibilité. Le premier produit des machines plus petites mais un peu absconses alors que le second est plus déclaratif et permet des description plus abstraites

Lively data: discover, browse and access ocean altimetry data on internet

International audienceThe Products and Services (P&S) department in the Space Oceanography Division at CLS (Collecte, Localisation, Satellites) is in charge of distributing and promoting altimetry and operational oceanography data. The department is thus involved in the Aviso satellite altimetry project (the French service which distributes altimetry products since 1992), in the Mercator ocean operational forecasting system, and in the European Godae/Mersea ocean portal. Aiming to a standardisation and a common vision and management of all these ocean data, all these projects, led to the implementation of several Opendap/LAS Internet servers (Baudel et al., 2004). Some of the possibilities of the tools, as well as how-to information will be highlighted, as they are in the "Lively data'' section of Aviso website (see http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/html/donnees/las/). Moreover, with a two-year experience we now have some feedback and analysis of how people – users, would-be users and students alike – are using this tool, some ideas for possible enhancements, etc

Initiation au néo-égyptien

Programme de l'année 2006-2007 : I. Langue et grammaire : introduction à la grammaire du néo-égyptien ; formes autonomes (suite) ; formes continuatives. — II. Étude de textes : textes relatifs à l’administration des champs

Low phospholipid associated cholelithiasis: association with mutation in the MDR3/ABCB4 gene

Low phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis (LPAC) is characterized by the association of ABCB4 mutations and low biliary phospholipid concentration with symptomatic and recurring cholelithiasis. This syndrome is infrequent and corresponds to a peculiar small subgroup of patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. The patients with the LPAC syndrome present typically with the following main features: age less than 40 years at onset of symptoms, recurrence of biliary symptoms after cholecystectomy, intrahepatic hyperechoic foci or sludge or microlithiasis along the biliary tree. Defect in ABCB4 function causes the production of bile with low phospholipid content, increased lithogenicity and high detergent properties leading to bile duct luminal membrane injuries and resulting in cholestasis with increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Intrahepatic gallstones may be evidenced by ultrasonography (US), computing tomography (CT) abdominal scan or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, intrahepatic hyperechogenic foci along the biliary tree may be evidenced by US, and hepatic bile composition (phospholipids) may be determined by duodenoscopy. In all cases where the ABCB4 genotyping confirms the diagnosis of LPAC syndrome in young adults, long-term curative or prophylactic therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) should be initiated early to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of the syndrome and its complications. Cholecystectomy is indicated in the case of symptomatic gallstones. Biliary drainage or partial hepatectomy may be indicated in the case of symptomatic intrahepatic bile duct dilatations filled with gallstones. Patients with end-stage liver disease may be candidates for liver transplantation

Biomarker analyses of clinical outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Sorafenib with or without Erlotinib in the SEARCH Trial

Purpose: Sorafenib is the current standard therapy for advanced HCC, but validated biomarkers predicting clinical outcomes are lacking. This study aimed to identify biomarkers predicting prognosis and/or response to sorafenib, with or without erlotinib, in HCC patients from the phase 3 SEARCH trial. Experimental Design: 720 patients were randomized to receive oral sorafenib 400 mg BID plus erlotinib 150 mg QD or placebo. Fifteen growth factors relevant to the treatment regimen and/or to HCC were measured in baseline plasma samples. Results: Baseline plasma biomarkers were measured in 494 (69%) patients (sorafenib plus erlotinib, n=243; sorafenib plus placebo, n=251). Treatment arm–independent analyses showed that elevated HGF (HR, 1.687 [high vs low expression]; endpoint multiplicity adjusted [e-adj] P=0.0001) and elevated plasma VEGF-A (HR, 1.386; e-adj P=0..0377) were significantly associated with poor OS in multivariate analyses, and low plasma KIT (HR, 0.75 [high vs low]; P=0.0233; e-adj P=0.2793) tended to correlate with poorer OS. High plasma VEGF-C independently correlated with longer TTP (HR, 0.633; e-adj P=0.0010) and trended toward associating with improved disease control rate (univariate:OR, 2.047; P=0.030; e-adj P=0.420). In 67% of evaluable patients (339/494), a multimarker signature of HGF, VEGF-A, KIT, epigen, and VEGF-C correlated with improved median OS in multivariate analysis (HR, 0.150; P<0.00001). No biomarker predicted efficacy from erlotinib. Conclusions: Baseline plasma HGF, VEGF-A, KIT, and VEGF-C correlated with clinical outcomes in HCC patients treated with sorafenib with or without erlotinib. These biomarkers plus epigen constituted a multimarker signature for improved OS

Hieroglyphic encoding: The Thot Sign-List (TSL) data model and the hieroglyphic signs in Unicode

In this paper, we review issues related to the existing hieroglyphic sign-lists, focusing especially on the problematic aspects of the 'Manuel de Codage' (1988) and of the so-called 'Hieroglyphica' (2000) for font-designers and users alike. We propose and discuss a data model for the Thot Sign-List (TSL, in prep.). This data model shall lead to the implementation of a structured and systematically referenced hieroglyphic repertoire, which should ultimately allow a sound extension of the Egyptian Hieroglyphs in Unicode