Effect of yeast extract and coconut water on protocorm proliferation and growth development of Dimorphorchis rossii

Dimorphorchis rossii is an epiphyte orchid that endemic to Borneo, specifically Sabah. Forest clearance and fires on its natural habitat and illegal collection by local people contributed to the extinction of this orchid. In attempt to preserve this exquisite orchid, an efficient propagation protocol was established by means of plant tissue culture. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of coconut water (CW) and yeast extract (YE) on protocorm proliferation and growth development. The protocorms used in this study were obtained from in vitro seed germination of Dimorphorchis rossii. Protocorms were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium treated with 10%, 15% and 20% (v/v) CW or 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% (w/v) YE and grown under 16 hour light at 25±2°C for 130 days of culture. The pH of the media adjusted to 5.7. Maximum protocorm proliferation (41.67±0.51%) was observed on 0.2% (w/v) YE, and followed by 0.3% (w/v) YE (31.25±0.48%) after 130 days of culture. New protocorms produced in both complex additives are 1.94±0.35 and 1.50±0.02, respectively. However, 0.1% (w/v) YE recorded the highest average number of new protocorms (3.00±0.08). Meanwhile, protocorms grown on medium containing 10% (v/v) CW promoted the best complex additive for protocorms developed to seedlings with 78.33±0.42% and 66.67±0.48% of the explants produced leaf and root respectively. This medium also recorded the highest length of leaf (3.43±0.46mm) among other treatments. Maximum number of leaf (6.28±0.90) and length of root (3.71±0.42) were obtained on medium treated with 15% (v/v) CW. As can be seen in the pattern of the protocorm proliferation and growth development, it can be concluded that YE is preferred most for protocorm proliferation, while CW is for protocorm growth development to seedlings

Organic additives improves the in Vitro growth of native Orchid Vanda helvola Blume

In vitro seed germination has been proven to be the most efficient technique to propagate orchid. The application of this aseptic technique has contributed to conservation of many endangered orchid species. In this study, undehisced capsules of Vanda helvola Blume were collected from Orchid Conservation Centre in Lagud Sebrang Agriculture Park, after 120 days from hand pollination and aseptically cultured on three types of basal media such as Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC) and Vacin and Went (VW). After 90 days of culture, 66.40 ± 4.14% of seeds successfully germinated on KC medium. The effect of organic additives such as tomato juice, coconut water, peptone and yeast extract at different level of concentrations in KC basal medium were also tested on seed germination and seedling development of this native orchid. After 90 days of culture, over 90% of seeds were tremendously germinated on KC medium supplemented with 10% or 15% (v/v) of tomato juice. The incorporation of peptone at 0.1% (w/v) in KC basal media promoted rapid development of protocorm to seedling. Seedlings on this treatment produced an average of three leaves and two roots after 90 days of culture and were successfully acclimatized

Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances producing lactic acid bacterium, lactobacillus farciminis ty1

Bacteriocins are a heterogeneous group of ribosomally synthesized bioactive bacterial peptides or proteins. Bacteriocins displaying antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains closely or non-related to produced bacteria, but will not harm the bacteria themselves due to the specific immunity proteins. This study aims to enhance the growth of Lactobacillus farciminis TY1 by manipulation of the types and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources of the selected culture medium. This bacterium was isolated from fermented food, ‘Tempoyak’ and has been proven as antimicrobial substances producer and has potential as a probiotic bacterium. Results show that the most favourable media for growth of L. farciminis TY1 was MRS medium with the addition of 20 g/L of sucrose and 30 g/L of yeast extract. This modified MRS medium exhibited higher viable cell count (1.58 x 109 CFU/mL) with faster cell growth (µmax= 0.06 h -1 ) as compared to commercial MRS media. The findings from this study demonstrate the growth enhancement prospect of L. farciminis TY1 to be applied in the food industry. The data might be beneficial for future formulation of culture medium by using a mathematical approach

In vitro properties analysis of potential probiotic of Isolated lactic acid bacteria from milk by-product

Background: Probiotics are live, microbial cells with several beneficial health effects on humans. The beneficial effect of probiotics mainly depends on their survival in the gastrointestinal tract. The health-promoting properties of certain LAB inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract encouraged the food industry to develop new functional food products containing probiotic. Selection of a microbial strain for the incorporation into food products requires both in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Asymbiotic seed germination and seedling development of Vanda dearei

The effects of basal media, complex additives, plant growth regulators and carbon sources on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Vanda dearei are reported. Immature seeds from four months old capsule were used as plant materials. All cultures were grown under 24h light at 25±2ºC. Results showed that seeds cultured on Knudson C (KC) basal medium germinated after 25 days with 63.0±3.2% germination rate followed by half-strength Murashige & Skoog (½MS) (45.4±10.4%) and Vacin and Went (VW) (41.8±4.0%). Addition of 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract significantly enhanced (85.9±0.7%) seed germination and shortened germination time to 23 days. A NAA at 0.1mg/l had similar performance (80.2±20.5%), however, this treatment delayed seed germination and induced necrosis to protocorm development. Sucrose at 1% (w/v) also enhanced seed germination (98.3±2.3%), while glucose and fructose treatments showed moderate effects. For growth and development of protocorms, KC basal media recorded the highest percentage of protocorm with root (37.0±4.3%), mean number of leaf (4.50±1.00) and mean number of roots produced (2.0±0.6) with largest leaf area (3.7x2.3mm) and longest root length (11.7±8.4mm). Addition of 20% (v/v) coconut water significantly improved protocorm development and shoot growth

The potential of lactic acid bacteria in mediating the control of plant diseases and plant growth stimulation in crop production - A mini review

The microbial diseases cause significant damage in agriculture, resulting in major yield and quality losses. To control microbiological damage and promote plant growth, a number of chemical control agents such as pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides are available. However, the rising prevalence of chemical control agents has led to unintended consequences for agricultural quality, environmental devastation, and human health. Chemical agents are not naturally broken down by microbes and can be found in the soil and environment long after natural decomposition has occurred. As an alternative to chemical agents, biocontrol agents are employed to manage phytopathogens. Interest in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) research as another class of potentially useful bacteria against phytopathogens has increased in recent years. Due to the high level of biosafety, they possess and the processes they employ to stimulate plant growth, LAB is increasingly being recognized as a viable option. This paper will review the available information on the antagonistic and plant-promoting capabilities of LAB and its mechanisms of action as well as its limitation as BCA. This review aimed at underlining the benefits and inputs from LAB as potential alternatives to chemical usage in sustaining crop productivity

In vitro culture of Borneo's endemic orchid, Vanda dearei

The effect of basal media, complex additives and sugars to the growth and development of V. dearei protocorms were reported in this study. Protocorms were initiated from in vitro seeds germination from immature capsule. Among the three basal media, growth of protocorms was superior in ½ MS medium followed by KC and VW with maximum percentage of protocorms with leaf and root, and mean number of leaf and root produced. Meanwhile, 0.2% (w/v) yeast extract markedly enhanced the growth of protocorms. In sugar study, results show that protocorms preferred sucrose as compared to fructose and glucose. The leaf and root formation was significantly enhanced as the sugar concentration was decreased. Medium supplemented with 2%(w/v) sucrose was the best compared to the other treatments and sugar at a concentration of 4% (w/v) induced the formation of large size seedlings

Development and characterization of flower and capsule in Borneo jewel orchid Macodes limii J.J. Wood and A.L. Lamb (Orchidaceae: Asparagales)

Macodes limii J.J. Wood and A.L. Lamb is an endemic jewel orchid of Sabah in Borneo. The species has unique characteristic with high potential to be commercialized as ornamental plant. However, it was understudied because of its scarcity in nature, which can only be found at certain area in Sabah with ultramafic soil. To understand the reproduction biology of this species, the present study was conducted to document the developmental stages of flower and capsule to determine the right harvesting time for further use in seed germination study. Macodes limii was collected from its natural habitat and cultivated ex situ throughout this study. Flower development was recorded starting from inflorescence initiation until full bloom, which took over 54 days to complete. Flower was artificially pollinated, and capsule was produced within 22 days, and harvesting was performed prior to dehiscence. Seeds were aseptically cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium þ 3% (w/v) sucrose, and 29% of seeds were successfully germinated after 24 weeks under continuous dark condition. The current findings are beneficial as a reference to support the conservation efforts of this endemic specie

Preliminary study on bioethanol production from starchy foodwastes by immobilized saccharomyces cerevisiae

Usually, fuels like ethanol and butanol were produced from crude oil and fossil fuels. However, due to increasing fuel demand and limited reserves of fossils, biofuels have caught much attention these days. Biofuels such as bioethanol can be produced from a variety of renewable feedstocks. Food wastes are a promising feedstock since utilization of these can reduce environmental pollution. Thus, in this study starchy food wastes of bread, rice and potatoes were used as a potential feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in this research was at first immobilized in calcium alginate beads through entrapment technique. Later the effect of temperature on bioethanol efficiency was studied using these immobilized yeasts. It was found out that the highest fermentation efficiency of 1.24% was obtained at 30oC. However, more studies are required to optimize the whole process of fermentation of bioethanol from these starchy foodwastes