A study of nanoparticles as a drug carrier on the wall of Stenosed Arteries

The influences of nanoparticles as drug carriers on the walls of stenosed arteries are presented. In this study, three nanoparticles namely Fe3O4 , TiO2 and Cu were used. It is observed that the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles tends to reduce the resistance impedance of blood temperature in bell shaped stenosed arteries. The blood temperature increases slightly in the streamwise direction before the throat region. Thereafter, the blood temperature increases at a higher rate and reaches its maximum value at the stenosis throat. It is found that the temperature distribution is heavily dependent on parameters such as periodic body acceleration and Prandtl number

Steady Flow About A Sphere In A Porous Medium Subject To An Oscillating Temperature

The study of free convection about a sphere in a porous medium, when the temperature of the sphere is oscillating harmonically is considered for Rayleigh number, Ra=100. By using the matched asymptotic expansion, the flow field is divided into an inner region and an outer region, where the inner region is adjacent to the sphere and the outer region is far from the sphere. In the inner region, the separation technique is used to divide the second-order temperature and stream function into steady and unsteady parts. The analytical solution is obtained up to second-order steady term. For outer region, the numerical result up to first order is obtained by using a finite difference scheme. It is found that, a steady flow is induced at the outer edge of the inner region. The temperature and flow patterns are discussed and compared for some frequencies of oscillation, ω and dimensionless parameter ε. It is found that both the magnitudes of temperature and stream functions decreases as ω increases or decreases but the effect of ε is not significant in the outer region. In the inner region, the magnitude of steady flow is also determined by frequency

Collision of hybrid nanomaterials in an upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid: A theoretical approach

Many viscoelastic fluid problems are solved using the notion of fractional derivative. However, most researchers paid little attention to the effects of nonlinear convective in fluid flow models with time-fractional derivatives and were mainly interested in solving linear problems. Furthermore, the nonlinear fluid models with a fractional derivative for an unsteady state are rare, and these constraints must be overcome. On the other hand, nanofluids are thought to be trustworthy coolants for enhancing the cool¬ing process in an electrical power system. Therefore, this research has been conducted to analyze the unsteady upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) hybrid nanofluid model with a time-fractional derivative. Incorporating the Cattaneo heat flux into the energy equation has increased the uniqueness of the research. The numerical solutions for the coupled partial differential equations describing velocity and temperature are presented using an efficient finite difference method assisted by the Caputo fractional derivative. Significant changes in heat transfer and fluid flow properties due to governing parameters, including the nanomaterial volume fraction, fractional derivative, relaxation time, and viscous dissipa¬tion, are graphically demonstrated. The nanomaterial concentration, the fractional derivative parameter, and the relaxation time parameter must all be substantial to manifest a surface heat increase

The Transient MHD Flow Generated by a PeriodicWall Motion in a Porous Space

The problem of transient flow of incompressible third grade fluid on the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in a porous space is analyzed. The flow is generated due to the motion of the plate in its plane with a periodic velocity. Under the flow assumptions, the governing nonlinear partial differential equation is transformed into steady-state and transient nonlinear equations. The reduced equation for the transient flow is solved analytically using symmetry approach while the nonlinear steady-state equation is solved using a modified version of He’s homotopy perturbation method. The effect of several operating parameters on the flow hydromagnetic is discussed. The results indicated that for the considered case, t = 1:5 is the moment after which the time-dependent transient motion of the fluid can be approximated with the steady-state motion, described by the steady-state solution. It is clear that, after this value of time t the time-dependent transient solution can be neglected

Konflik pengambilan tanah Orang Asli: kajian kes di Johor dan Selangor

Orang Asli merupakan golongan minoriti yang terdapat di Semenanjung Malaysia. Sistem Torrens yang diamalkan oleh Malaysia melalui Kanun Tanah Negara 1965 hanya memberi kepentingan terhadap tanah yang didaftarkan di Pejabat Pendaftaran Tanah, manakala tanah saka Orang Asli yang diwarisi dari generasi ke generasi tidak termasuk dalam sistem pendaftaran. Objektif kajian ini adalah (1) Mengenalpasti konflik yang berlaku akibat daripada pengambilan tanah Orang Asli yang terlibat, (2) Menganalisis kesan pengambilan tanah terhadap masyarakat Orang Asli yang terlibat dan (3) Menjelaskan usaha penyelesaian konflik pengambilan tanah Orang Asli yang terlibat. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian ini, kaedah kualitatif telah digunakan melalui kaedah temubual semi struktur. Temubual ini telah dijalankan ke atas lima belas responden utama daripada pihak berkepentingan iaitu enam orang Tok Batin dan Penolong Batin bagi setiap kampung yang terlibat, dua pegawai daripada pejabat tanah Negeri Johor dan Selangor, tiga pegawai daripada Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli , seorang pegawai daripada Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Malaysia (SUHAKAM), seorang wakil badan bukan kerajaan iaitu Persatuan Orang Asli Semenanjung Malaysia , dan seorang ahli akademik. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat konflik di antara masyarakat Orang Asli, konflik di antara Orang Asli dan Pihak Berkuasa serta konflik di antara agensi kerajaan Negeri dan Persekutuan. Kesan pengambilan tanah dapat dilihat melalui kesan terhadap sosiobudaya, persekitaran dan ekonomi masyarakat Orang Asli yang terlibat. Kaedah penyelesaian bagi pengambilan tanah Orang Asli yang terlibat adalah melalui rundingan, bayaran pampasan, menggunakan saluran mahkamah, Dasar Pemberi Milikan Tanah Orang Asli oleh Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli dan Inkuiri Nasional oleh Suruhanjaya Hak Asasi Kemanusiaan Malaysia

Steady flow about a sphere in a porous medium subject to an oscillating temperature

The study of free convection about a sphere in a porous medium, when the temperature of the sphere is oscillating harmonically is considered for Rayleigh number, Ra=100. By using the matched asymptotic expansion, the flow field is divided into an inner region and an outer region, where the inner region is adjacent to the sphere and the outer region is far from the sphere. In the inner region, the separation technique is used to divide the second-order temperature and stream function into steady and unsteady parts. The analytical solution is obtained up to second-order steady term. For outer region, the numerical result up to first order is obtained by using a finite difference scheme. It is found that, a steady flow is induced at the outer edge of the inner region. The temperature and flow patterns are discussed and compared for some frequencies of oscillation, ω and dimensionless parameter ε. It is found that both the magnitudes of temperature and stream functions decreases as ω increases or decreases but the effect of ε is not significant in the outer region. In the inner region, the magnitude of steady flow is also determined by frequency

Pulsatile blood flow through a constricted porous artery

In this paper a speculative study of an incompressible Newtonian blood flow through a constricted porous channel and pulsatile nature is inspected. Porosity parameter λ is incorporated in the momentum equation. Governing nonlinear differential equations are numerically evaluated by employing the perturbation method technique for a very small perturbation parameter ε 1 such that ε ≠ 0 and with conformable boundary conditions. Numerical results of the flow velocity profile and volumetric flow rate have been derived numerically and detailed graphical analysis for different physical parameters porosity, Reynolds number and stenosis has been presented. It is found that arterial blood velocity is dependent upon all of these factors and that the relationship of fluid velocity and flow is more complex and nonlinear than heretofore generally believe. Furthermore the flow velocity enhanced with Reynolds number, porosity parameter and at maximum position of the stenosis/constriction

Improving skills in rounding off the whole number

This study was conducted to address teaching and learning skills in rounding off a whole number. This study consisted of 15 years 4 students from the Kong Nan Chinese Primary School, Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia. Initial survey to identify this problem was carried out by analyzing the exercise books and exercises in pre-test. Based on these analyses, a large number of students were not proficient in relevant skills. A ‘q’ technique was introduced as an approach in teaching and learning to help students master the skills of rounding whole numbers. In summary, this technique helps students to remember the sequence of processes and process in rounding numbers. A total of four sessions of teaching and learning activities that take less than an hour have been implemented specifically to help students to master this technique. Results of the implementation of these activities have shown very positive results among the students. Two post tests were carried out to see the effectiveness of techniques and the results shows that 100% of students were able to answer correctly at least three questions correctly. The t-test analysis was clearly showed the effectiveness of ‘q’ technique. This technique also indirectly helps to maintain and increase student interest in learning Mathematics. This is shown with the active involvement of students in answering questions given by the teacher

Forecasting natural rubber price in Malaysia using Arima

This paper contains introduction, materials and methods, results and discussions, conclusions and references. Based on the title mentioned, high volatility of the price of natural rubber nowadays will give the significant risk to the producers, traders, consumers, and others parties involved in the production of natural rubber. To help them in making decisions, forecasting is needed to predict the price of natural rubber. The main objective of the research is to forecast the upcoming price of natural rubber by using the reliable statistical method. The data are gathered from Malaysia Rubber Board which the data are from January 2000 until December 2015. In this research, average monthly price of Standard Malaysia Rubber 20 (SMR20) will be forecast by using Box-Jenkins approach. Time series plot is used to determine the pattern of the data. The data have trend pattern which indicates the data is non-stationary data and the data need to be transformed. By using the Box-Jenkins method, the best fit model for the time series data is ARIMA (1, 1, 0) which this model satisfy all the criteria needed. Hence, ARIMA (1, 1, 0) is the best fitted model and the model will be used to forecast the average monthly price of Standard Malaysia Rubber 20 (SMR20) for twelve months ahead

Particle shapes on squeezing flow of carreau fluid over a sensor surface

In this research work, we investigated particle shapes flow of Carreau fluid over a sensor surface. Most specifically, the reaction of various parameter namely; power low index, Weissenberg number, squeezing, nanoparticle volume fraction, variation, parndtl numberon temperature in the presence of Cu-engine oil based in the presence of squeezing Carreau flow, which are some of the parameters explored that were not investigated in [1]. We used transformation of similarity to lessen the partial differential equation (PDE) to ordinary differential equations (ODE) for the nonlinear governing equation along with their related boundary conditions. The result of the lessened ODEs is unfolded and explained numerically with the application of the fourth/fifth system Runge-KuttaFehlberg-technique together with procedure and practice of shooting- technique, utilizing Maple 18 code