Most popular statistical methods used to assess agreement according to area of specialty in medicine.

<p>n = Total number of studies retrieved for each specialty, x =  number of studies.</p

Flowchart of studies.

<p>Flowchart of studies.</p

Examples of inappropriate applications and interpretations of statistical analyses to assess agreement found in this review.

<p>Examples of inappropriate applications and interpretations of statistical analyses to assess agreement found in this review.</p

Most popular statistical methods used to assess agreement in medicine.

<p>n = Total number of studies retrieved, x =  number of studies, %  =  percentage.</p

Data sets to demonstrate the inappropriate use of correlation coefficient in testing agreement.

<p>Data sets to demonstrate the inappropriate use of correlation coefficient in testing agreement.</p

CENP study flow.

IntroductionBreast cancer (BC) screening uptake in Malaysia is low and a high number of cases present at a late stage. Community navigation and mobile health (mHealth) may increase screening attendance, particularly by women from rural communities. This randomized controlled study evaluated an intervention that used mHealth and community health workers to educate women about BC screening and navigate them to clinical breast examination (CBE) services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWomen aged 40–74 years, from Segamat, Malaysia, with a mobile phone number, who participated in the South East Asian Community Observatory health survey, (2018) were randomized to an intervention (IG) or comparison group (CG). The IG received a multi-component mHealth intervention, i.e. information about BC was provided through a website, and telephone calls and text messages from community health workers (CHWs) were used to raise BC awareness and navigate women to CBE services. The CG received no intervention other than the usual option to access opportunistic screening. Regression analyses were conducted to investigate between-group differences over time in uptake of screening and variable influences on CBE screening participation.ResultsWe recruited 483 women in total; 122/225 from the IG and 144/258 from the CG completed the baseline and follow-up survey. Uptake of CBE by the IG was 45.8% (103/225) whilst 3.5% (5/144) of women from the CG who completed the follow-up survey reported that they attended a CBE during the study period (adjusted OR 37.21, 95% CI 14.13; 98.00, pConclusionThe results suggested that the bespoke multicomponent mHealth intervention may be used to address the significant public health problem of low uptake of BC screening in rural Malaysia.</div

Relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of IG participants and CBE screening attendance (reported by LPPKN clinics).

Relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of IG participants and CBE screening attendance (reported by LPPKN clinics).</p

Socio-demographic characteristics of participants at follow-up.

Socio-demographic characteristics of participants at follow-up.</p

Study feedback from women in the IG at follow-up (n = 122).

Study feedback from women in the IG at follow-up (n = 122).</p

Reported CBE screening uptake at follow-up.

IntroductionBreast cancer (BC) screening uptake in Malaysia is low and a high number of cases present at a late stage. Community navigation and mobile health (mHealth) may increase screening attendance, particularly by women from rural communities. This randomized controlled study evaluated an intervention that used mHealth and community health workers to educate women about BC screening and navigate them to clinical breast examination (CBE) services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWomen aged 40–74 years, from Segamat, Malaysia, with a mobile phone number, who participated in the South East Asian Community Observatory health survey, (2018) were randomized to an intervention (IG) or comparison group (CG). The IG received a multi-component mHealth intervention, i.e. information about BC was provided through a website, and telephone calls and text messages from community health workers (CHWs) were used to raise BC awareness and navigate women to CBE services. The CG received no intervention other than the usual option to access opportunistic screening. Regression analyses were conducted to investigate between-group differences over time in uptake of screening and variable influences on CBE screening participation.ResultsWe recruited 483 women in total; 122/225 from the IG and 144/258 from the CG completed the baseline and follow-up survey. Uptake of CBE by the IG was 45.8% (103/225) whilst 3.5% (5/144) of women from the CG who completed the follow-up survey reported that they attended a CBE during the study period (adjusted OR 37.21, 95% CI 14.13; 98.00, pConclusionThe results suggested that the bespoke multicomponent mHealth intervention may be used to address the significant public health problem of low uptake of BC screening in rural Malaysia.</div