Characteristics of Metal Reduction During Prereduction of Chromite types of Ore

Iron and chromium were reduced from chromium spinel at 1300∘С and 1400∘С during 1 and 4 hours. The reduction was carried out with carbon or CO gas in one experiment simultaneously for six samples of three different types of ore. It was established that under these conditions, the CO gas neither reduces chromium nor iron from complex chromium spinel, whereas solid carbon reduces iron and chromium completely. In the mixture of solid reagents at the initial stage of reduction with solid carbon, the carbide shell was formed on the surface of carbon and oxide, accurately reproducing the surface topography of the particles. The formation of the shell indicated a countertransfer of the oxide substance to the surface of carbon and carbon substance to the surface of the oxide through the gas phase. The shell retarded and stopped the reduction process, however, when the shell substance was melted and drained, thereduction process continued. The same shell, but from the Fe–Cr non-carbon alloy, was formed on the surface of the single spinel crystals interspersed in a large volume of magnesium–silicate matrix. The results of the experiments were explained from the standpoint of the theory of the electron reduction mechanism developed by the authors with the formation of plasma in the gas gaps and its participation in the contactless electron-ion exchange between solid reagents. Keywords: metallization, ferrochrome, theory of reduction, low-temperature plasma, electron-ion exchang

Adaptive SOA Infrastructure Based on Variability Management

In order to exploit the adaptability of a SOA infrastructure, it becomes necessary to provide platform mechanisms that support a mapping of the variability in the applications to the variability provided by the infrastructure. The approach focuses on the configuration of the needed infrastructure mechanisms including support for the derivation of the infrastructure variability model

Deconvoluting Reversal Modes in Exchange Biased Nanodots

Ensemble-averaged exchange bias in arrays of Fe/FeF2 nanodots has been deconvoluted into local, microscopic, bias separately experienced by nanodots going through different reversal modes. The relative fraction of dots in each mode can be modified by exchange bias. Single domain dots exhibit a simple loop shift, while vortex state dots have asymmetric shifts in the vortex nucleation and annihilation fields, manifesting local incomplete domain walls in these nanodots as magnetic vortices with tilted cores.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures. Phys. Rev. B in pres

Semantic Modelling for Product Line Engineering

The aim of our work is to present solutions and a methodical support for automated techniques and procedures in domain engineering, in particular for variability modeling. Our approach is based upon Semantic Modeling concepts, for which semantic description, representation patterns and inference mechanisms are defined. Thus, model-driven techniques enriched with semantics will allow flexibility and variability in representation means, reasoning power and the required analysis depth for the identification, interpretation and adaptation of artifact properties and qualities

The influence of constant temperature on the embryonic growth of Asellus aquaticus L. (Crustacea) [Translation from: Vestsi Akademii Navuk Belorusskoi SSR, Seriya Biyal. 1979(1) 128-130]

It is known that an adequately large amount of work has been devoted to investigations on the influence of temperature on the growth period of aquatic invertebrates. However, the action of the given factors on the basic biological characteristics of embryonic growth in crustaceans is virtually unknown. An experimental study of the effectiveness of the transformation of matter and energy during the period of embryogenesis in the isopod Asellus aquaticus L. under different constant temperatures was carried out. Specimens were collected in the quarry lakes of the Kurasovshchin zone (city-Minsk). The authors developed a quantitative analysis of the basic energetic properties of animals during one of the physiological stages at different constant temperatures, which allows one to determine the temperature range in which the expenditure of energy, at a given instance during embryonic growth, is minimised. For A. aquaticus this range is represented by the limits 10-22°C, during which the least expenditure of energy is observed between 14.5 and 18.8°C