Evaluation of zinc as an adjunct in chlorhexidine containing toothpaste on gingival and plaque index

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bacterial plaque is the uppermost element in periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the utmost influential materials in chemical plaque control and ORTHOKIN is a toothpaste claimed to encompass CHX. Although there are various studies on efficacy of different types of CHX formulation in toothpaste, no literature has focused on the anti-plaque effects of toothpaste with CHX when zinc acetate is introduced in to chemical formula. Therefore, in the present study, we compared Crest ANTI-Cavity toothpaste with KIN gingival and ORTHOKIN toothpastes that contained CHX. METHODS: This controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 30 patients with gingivitis. To compare the anti-plaque activity and bleeding on probing (BOP) index of the toothpastes, the average BOP and plaque index percent was recorded 14-day post-brushing. BOP index and plaque index were measured by an experienced dentist blind to the study and were recorded at pre-scaling, post-scaling and post-brushing for each group. Analysis of variance and paired t-test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The average BOP in the 3rd meeting for the ORTHOKIN, Crest ANTI-Cavity and KIN gingival toothpastes was 10.54%, 12.15% and 10.60%, and the plaque index in the 3rd meeting was 32.22%, 50.35% and 27.80%, respectively. In these 3 groups, BOP did not have a reduction while the plaque index significantly differed between ORTHOKIN and KIN gingival compared to Crest ANTI-Cavity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results showed that the reduction of gingival inflammation in CHX contained toothpastes was the same as the toothpaste without CHX. The addition of zinc had no effect on the effectiveness of CHX. KEYWORDS: Fluoride; Toothpaste; Chlorhexidine; Dental Plaque; Zin

Evaluation of zinc as an adjunct in chlorhexidine containing toothpaste on gingival and plaque index

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bacterial plaque is the uppermost element in periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the utmost influential materials in chemical plaque control and ORTHOKIN is a toothpaste claimed to encompass CHX. Although there are various studies on efficacy of different types of CHX formulation in toothpaste, no literature has focused on the anti-plaque effects of toothpaste with CHX when zinc acetate is introduced in to chemical formula. Therefore, in the present study, we compared Crest ANTI-Cavity toothpaste with KIN gingival and ORTHOKIN toothpastes that contained CHX. METHODS: This controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 30 patients with gingivitis. To compare the anti-plaque activity and bleeding on probing (BOP) index of the toothpastes, the average BOP and plaque index percent was recorded 14-day post-brushing. BOP index and plaque index were measured by an experienced dentist blind to the study and were recorded at pre-scaling, post-scaling and post-brushing for each group. Analysis of variance and paired t-test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The average BOP in the 3rd meeting for the ORTHOKIN, Crest ANTI-Cavity and KIN gingival toothpastes was 10.54%, 12.15% and 10.60%, and the plaque index in the 3rd meeting was 32.22%, 50.35% and 27.80%, respectively. In these 3 groups, BOP did not have a reduction while the plaque index significantly differed between ORTHOKIN and KIN gingival compared to Crest ANTI-Cavity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results showed that the reduction of gingival inflammation in CHX contained toothpastes was the same as the toothpaste without CHX. The addition of zinc had no effect on the effectiveness of CHX

Vitamin C dose-dependently ameliorates renal hemodynamic toxicity of cisplatin in adult Swiss albino rats: a histopathologic and biochemical study

Nephrotoxicity is usually thought of as a common invariable consequence of hemodynamic toxicity whose effects, including oliguria and dysuria, has largely limited the clinical use of cisplatin. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of low and high dose of vitamin C against cisplatin-induced rat nephrotoxicity. Hence, 50 adult male Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into five equal groups to receive a corresponding dose of either normal saline as control, vitamin C (600 mg/kg/BW, i.v.), or cisplatin alone (7 mg/kg/BW, i.p.) or in combination with vitamin C at low dose (200 mg/kg/BW, i.v.) and high dose (600 mg/kg/BW, i.v.) for 9 days. Daily administration of cisplatin at a dose of 7 mg/kg/BW resulted in a significant increase in oxidative stress in renal tissues and plasma and a concomitant decrease in the creatinine clearance and renal blood flow as a result of early hemodynamic toxicity. Histopathological examination revealed acute tubular necrosis with hyaline cast formation triggered by cisplatin over 9 days of experiment. Further biochemical studies showed protecting effects of supplemented vitamin C at a high dose, illustrated by slowdown in the urinary enzyme activity, a significant decrease in plasma lipid peroxidation, and an increased tissue superoxide dismutase activity with recovery in the glomerular hemodynamicity and the ATPase activity up to 50 % when compared to controls and rats receiving low-dose. In high-dose animals, normal glomerular and tubular function on recovery from toxic renal failure led us to conclude that antioxidant property of vitamin C increases with dose, and, therefore, high dose of vitamin C prevents both functional and histological renal changes induced by cisplatin in rats, more efficient than low dose of the vitamin.</p