IMPROVEMENT IN OUTPUT POWER BY DESIGNING ADAPTIVE REFERENCE CONTROL FOR BOOST CONVERTER IN SOLAR SYSTEM

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP) which depends on panels temperature and on irradiance conditions. In this work we have made a comparison between P & O algorithm with proposed adaptive reference algorithm. It has been concluded that The power output with adaptive reference algorithm at the load terminal is coming to be 6.5 kilo Watts approximately where as with P & O it is calculated to be 1.5 kilo watts approximately. Hence it is a better proposed algorithm as compared to traditional P & O techniqu

Implementation of a MSP430-based digital thermometer using the slope ADC of the timer port module

This report describes the slope A/D measurement of a resistance and the ease with which it can be applied to MSP430 microcontrollers. It describes a digital thermometer design that uses the slope ADC capabilities of the Timer Port module on the MSP430x3xx microcontrollers. It is used more generally as a reference on how to connect resistive sensors and reference resistors to the Timer Port module. All MSP430x3xx devices include the Timer Port module. The module allows several resistive sensors and reference resistors to be connected in an application. Unused module pins can be used as independent outputs. Slope A/D conversion is an analog-to-digital conversion technique that can be implemented with a comparator rather than a standalone ADC module or device. The technique is based on the charging/discharging of a capacitor with a known value. The number of clock cycles necessary to discharge the capacitor is then counted. Longer discharge times indicate larger voltages. The voltage is derived from the discharge time using the standard equation for capacitor discharge. In addition to digitizing voltages, a variation of the technique can be used to measure resistance. This is valuable in measuring any component that can have varying resistance, such as potentiometers and various types of transducers. Unlike voltage measurement, where the key relationship is between voltage and time while the resistance is constant, the key relationship in resistance measurement is between resistance and time, while the initial voltage remains constant. The R-relationship is linear, which means the calculation is easier and less- costly to implement in a microcontroller than for the exponential V-t relationship. The thermometer has been simulated by using a variable resistance instead of a thyristor. In addition care has been taken to optimize the power consumption by forcing the microcontroller to several low-power modes during the operation. The combination of the Timer Port module, the 16-bit CPU, and the ultra low power design provide unmatched MIPS per watt performance. The set up can be extended to provide a low power thermostat

Fotokemijska toksičnost lijekova namijenjenih okularnoj uporabi

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the possible ocular phototoxicity of drugs used in ophthalmic formulations. Sulphacetamide, ketoconazole, voriconazole, diclofenac, and ketorolac were assessed in the concentrations available in the market for their ocular use. The suitable models viz Hen’s Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test, Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) haemolysis test as recommended by ECVAM, ICCVAM, and OECD guidelines were performed. Results of HET-CAM and ICE tests suggest that sulphacetamide is moderately toxic in the presence of light/UV-A and very slightly irritant without irradiation. Ketoconazole and voriconazole were found slightly irritant in presence of light/UV-A and non-irritant in dark. Diclofenac and ketorolac demonstrated slight irritancy in the light and were found to be non-irritant in dark. The results suggest that some of the drugs have potential toxic effect in the presence of light. The extent of phototoxicity might get extended when used for longer time. The recommendation is that these drugs should be stored and used in the dark for a specified time and be labelled with specific instructions for patients, especially for those working longer in the sunlight.Cilj ovog ispitivanja bio je istražiti moguću okularnu fototoksičnost lijekova koji se koriste u oftalmološkim formulacijama. Sulfacetamid, ketokonazol, vorikonazol, diklofenak i ketorolak ispitivani su u koncentracijama koje su dostupne na tržištu u njihovom obliku koji je namijenjen za okularnu uporabu. Primijenjeni su testovi iritacije na kokošjem jajetu (Hen’s Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane - HETCAM), izoliranom kokošjem oku (Isolated Chicken Eye - ICE) i test hemolize crvenih krvnih stanica (Red Blood Cell - RBC) prema preporukama ECVAM-a, ICCVAM-a i OECD-a. Rezultati HET-CAM i ICE testova upućuju na umjerenu toksičnost sulfacetamida u prisutnosti svjetla/UV-A te vrlo blagu iritaciju u mraku. Ketokonazol i vorikonazol pokazali su blagu iritaciju u prisutnosti svjetla/UV-A te nikakvu iritaciju u mraku. Diklofenak i ketorolak pokazali su blagu iritaciju na svjetlu i nikakvu iritaciju u mraku. Rezultati upućuju na moguću toksičnost nekih od navedenih lijekova u prisutnosti svjetla. Razmjer fototoksičnosti može biti povećan pri produljenoj uporabi lijeka. Preporučuje se čuvati navedene lijekove na zatamnjenome mjestu te ih označiti odgovarajućim uputama za korištenje, osobito za osobe koje su dulje vrijeme izložene sunčevoj svjetlosti

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC TABLETS UTILIZING MUCILAGE EXTRACTED FROM PLANTS REPORTEDLY HAVING ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that characterized by hyperglycemia, glycomeia and hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral hypoglycemic tablets using natural mucilage extracted from okra pod. Natural polymers are economic, easily available and found useful as tablet binder. They also contain anti-nutrient content which help in controlling blood sugar level. The aqueous extract of okra pod was precipitated using ethanol. The precipitate was dried and stored in desiccators for further phytochemicals screening. Glipizide is a first third generation sulphonylurea agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The binder concentrations used in the formulation were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2 & 2.5 % w/w. The granules were evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose. The tablets were subjected to physicochemical studies thickness, friability, weight variation, hardness, in vitro dissolution study. Diabetes was induced by single intra peritoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) and blood glucose level was monitored for 28 days. The optimized formulation reduces blood sugar significantly in STZ induced diabetic rats in comparison to standard drug (Glipizide).This study has demonstrated that mucilage of okra pod can be used for formulation of glipizide tablets. Keywords: Okra pod, mucilage, Glipizide, tablets, antidiabetic activit

Studies on the Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Physical Parameters of Sapota [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Forsberg] cv. Cricket Ball under Agro-climatic Condition of Chhattisgarh Plains

The present investigation was undertaken during the year July/2020-June/21 and July/2021- June/22 at experimental field of Horticulture Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), India. The experiment was conducted on twenty years old trees of sapota, Cricket Ball with foliar spray of different concentrations of plant growth regulators applied at 50 per cent flowering and pea stage of fruit growth. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with twenty five treatments, and three replication for each treatment. Thus, a total of 75 data collection made available at each time. Physical parameters of fruit viz., fruit weight (126.36 g ±31.07g), fruit volume (121.59 ml ±29.07 ml), fruit diameter (6.69 cm ±1.33 cm), fruit length (6.92 cm ±2.01 cm) and pulp weight (112.61 g ± 2.01 g) of sapota fruits were increased with the treatment GA3 @ 150 ppm, while, the peel weight (8.79 g ± 1.72 g) was reduced under the same treatment. The specific gravity (1.045 g ± 0.015 gml-1) was recorded maximum under the treatment ethrel @ 1000 ppm. However, a reduction in number of seeds per fruit (4.50 ± 2.08) and seed weight (4.38 g ± 0.78 g) was observed by the foliar feeding of NAA @ 100 ppm treatment. The consumer demand, which is usually based on physical characteristics of sapota fruit, can be improved by the application of plant growth regulators. On the basis of the experience gained and results obtained after completion of present investigation, the most appropriate concentration and their time of application should be standardized for different cultivars of sapota

Performance of qSOFA score as a screening tool for sepsis in the emergency department

Introduction: Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality, and various scoring systems have been developed for its early identification and treatment. The objective was to test the ability of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score to identify sepsis and predict sepsis-related mortality in the emergency department (ED). Methods: We conducted a prospective study from July 2018 to April 2020. Consecutive patients with age ≥18 years who presented to the ED with a clinical suspicion of infection were included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and odds ratio (OR) for sepsis related mortality on day 7 and 28 were measured. Results: A total of 1200 patients were recruited; of which 48 patients were excluded and 17 patients were lost to follow-up. 54 (45.4%) of 119 patients with positive qSOFA (qSOFA >2) died at 7 days and 76 (63.9%) died at 28 days. A total of 103 (10.1%) of 1016 patients with negative qSOFA (qSOFA score <2) died at 7 days and 207 (20.4%) died at 28 days. Patients with positive qSOFA score were at higher odds of dying at 7 days (OR: 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1–5.2, P < 0.001) and 28 days (OR: 6.9, 95% CI: 4.6–10.3, P < 0.001). The PPV and NPV with positive qSOFA score to predict 7- and 28-day mortality were 45.4%, 89.9% and 63.9%, 79.6%, respectively. Conclusion: The qSOFA score can be used as a risk stratification tool in a resource-limited setting to identify infected patients at an increased risk of death

Ionotronic WS2 memtransistors for 6-bit storage and neuromorphic adaptation at high temperature

Abstract Inspired by massive parallelism, an increase in internet-of-things devices, robust computation, and Big-data, the upsurge research in building multi-bit mem-transistors is ever-augmenting with different materials, mechanisms, and state-of-the-art architectures. Herein, we demonstrate monolayer WS2-based functional mem-transistor devices which address nonvolatility and synaptic operations at high temperature. The ionotronic memory devices based on WS2 exhibit reverse hysteresis with memory windows larger than 25 V, and extinction ratio greater than 106. The mem-transistors show stable retention and endurance greater than 100 sweep cycles and 400 pulse cycles in addition to 6-bit (64 distinct nonvolatile storage levels) pulse-programmable memory features ranging over six orders of current magnitudes (10−12–10−6 A). The origin of the multi-bit states is attributed to the carrier dynamics under electrostatic doping fluctuations induced by mobile ions, which is illustrated by employing a fingerprint mechanism including band-bending pictures. The credibility of all the storage states is confirmed by obtaining reliable signal-to-noise ratios. We also demonstrate key neuromorphic behaviors, such as synaptic plasticity, near linear potentiation, and depression, rendering it suitable for successful implementation in high temperature neuromorphic computing. Furthermore, artificial neural network simulations based on the conductance weight update characteristics of the proposed ionotronic mem-transistors are performed to explore the potency for accurate image recognition. Our findings showcase a different class of thermally aided memories based on 2D semiconductors unlocking promising avenues for high temperature memory applications in demanding electronics and forthcoming neuromorphic computing technologies