1,690 research outputs found
Isotope effect on superconductivity in Josephson coupled stripes in underdoped cuprates
Inelastic neutron scattering data for YBaCuO as well as for LaSrCuO indicate
incommensurate neutron scattering peaks with incommensuration away
from the point. can be replotted as a linear function of
the incommensuration for these materials. This linear relation implies that the
constant that relates these two quantities, one being the incommensuration
(momentum) and another being (energy), has the dimension of velocity
we denote : . We argue that this
experimentally derived relation can be obtained in a simple model of Josephson
coupled stripes. Within this framework we address the role of the isotope effect on the . We assume that the incommensuration is
set by the {\em doping} of the sample and is not sensitive to the oxygen
isotope given the fixed doping. We find therefore that the only parameter that
can change with O isotope substitution in the relation
is the velocity . We predict an oxygen isotope effect on and expect
it to be .Comment: 4 pages latex file, 2 eps fig
Spinful bosons in an optical lattice
We analyze the behavior of cold spin-1 particles with antiferromagnetic
interactions in a one-dimensional optical lattice using density matrix
renormalization group calculations. Correlation functions and the dimerization
are shown and we also present results for the energy gap between ground state
and the spin excited states. We confirm the anticipated phase diagram, with
Mott-insulating regions of alternating dimerized S=1 chains for odd particle
density versus on-site singlets for even density. We find no evidence for any
additional ordered phases in the physically accessible region, however for
sufficiently large spin interaction, on-site singlet pairs dominate leading,
for odd density, to a breakdown of the Mott insulator or, for even density, a
real-space singlet superfluid.Comment: Minor revisions and clarification
Reduction of the sign problem using the meron-cluster approach
The sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo calculations is analyzed using the
meron-cluster solution. The concept of merons can be used to solve the sign
problem for a limited class of models. Here we show that the method can be used
to \textit{reduce} the sign problem in a wider class of models. We investigate
how the meron solution evolves between a point in parameter space where it
eliminates the sign problem and a point where it does not affect the sign
problem at all. In this intermediate regime the merons can be used to reduce
the sign problem. The average sign still decreases exponentially with system
size and inverse temperature but with a different prefactor. The sign exhibits
the slowest decrease in the vicinity of points where the meron-cluster solution
eliminates the sign problem. We have used stochastic series expansion quantum
Monte Carlo combined with the concept of directed loops.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
Quantum Ising model in a transverse random field: A density-matrix renormalization group analysis
The spin-1/2 quantum Ising chain in a transverse random magnetic field is
studied by means of the density-matrix renormalization group. The system
evolves from an ordered to a paramagnetic state as the amplitude of the random
field is increased. The dependence of the magnetization on a uniform magnetic
field in the z direction and the spontaneous magnetization as a function of the
amplitude of the transverse random magnetic field are determined. The behavior
of the spin-spin correlation function both above and at criticality is studied.
The scaling laws for magnetization and correlation functions are tested against
previous numerical and renormalization-group results.Comment: 5 pages with 7 figures inside them, proper format of authors' names
use
The effect of alcohol on cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy volunteers
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of alcohol on the cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs). As alcohol produces gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN), we also tested the effect of nystagmus independent of alcohol by recording oVEMPs during optokinetic stimulation (OKS).
METHODS: The effect of alcohol was tested in 14 subjects over multiple rounds of alcohol consumption up to a maximum breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 1.5â° (mean 0.97â°). The effect of OKS was tested in 11 subjects at 5, 10 and 15deg/sec.
RESULTS: oVEMP amplitude decreased from baseline to the highest BrAC level by 27% (range 5-50%, P<0.001), but there was no significant effect on oVEMP latency or cVEMP amplitude or latency. There was a significant negative effect of OKS on oVEMP amplitude (16%, P=0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: We found a selective effect of alcohol on oVEMP amplitude, but no effect on the cVEMP. Vertical nystagmus elicited by OKS reduced oVEMP amplitude.
SIGNIFICANCE: Alcohol selectively affects oVEMP amplitude. Despite the effects of alcohol and nystagmus, both reflexes were reliably recorded in all subjects and conditions. An absent response in a patient affected by alcohol or nystagmus indicates a vestibular deficit
Topoisomer Differentiation of Molecular Knots by FTICR MS: Lessons from Class II Lasso Peptides
Lasso peptides constitute a class of bioactive peptides sharing a knotted
structure where the C-terminal tail of the peptide is threaded through and
trapped within an N-terminalmacrolactamring. The structural characterization of
lasso structures and differentiation from their unthreaded topoisomers is not
trivial and generally requires the use of complementary biochemical and
spectroscopic methods. Here we investigated two antimicrobial peptides
belonging to the class II lasso peptide family and their corresponding
unthreaded topoisomers: microcin J25 (MccJ25), which is known to yield
two-peptide product ions specific of the lasso structure under collisioninduced
dissociation (CID), and capistruin, for which CID does not permit to
unambiguously assign the lasso structure. The two pairs of topoisomers were
analyzed by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS) upon CID, infrared multiple photon
dissociation (IRMPD), and electron capture dissociation (ECD). CID and
ECDspectra clearly permitted to differentiate MccJ25 from its non-lasso
topoisomer MccJ25-Icm, while for capistruin, only ECD was informative and
showed different extent of hydrogen migration (formation of c\bullet/z from
c/z\bullet) for the threaded and unthreaded topoisomers. The ECD spectra of the
triply-charged MccJ25 and MccJ25-lcm showed a series of radical b-type product
ions {\eth}b0In{\TH}. We proposed that these ions are specific of
cyclic-branched peptides and result from a dual c/z\bullet and y/b
dissociation, in the ring and in the tail, respectively. This work shows the
potentiality of ECD for structural characterization of peptide topoisomers, as
well as the effect of conformation on hydrogen migration subsequent to electron
capture
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The JAK inhibitor tofacitinib suppresses synovial JAK1-STAT signalling in rheumatoid arthritis.
ObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The pathways affected by tofacitinib and the effects on gene expression in situ are unknown. Therefore, tofacitinib effects on synovial pathobiology were investigated.MethodsA randomised, double-blind, phase II serial synovial biopsy study (A3921073; NCT00976599) in patients with RA with an inadequate methotrexate response. Patients on background methotrexate received tofacitinib 10â
mg twice daily or placebo for 28â
days. Synovial biopsies were performed on Days -7 and 28 and analysed by immunoassay or quantitative PCR. Clinical response was determined by disease activity score and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response on Day 28 in A3921073, and at Month 3 in a long-term extension study (A3921024; NCT00413699).ResultsTofacitinib exposure led to EULAR moderate to good responses (11/14 patients), while placebo was ineffective (1/14 patients) on Day 28. Tofacitinib treatment significantly reduced synovial mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 (p<0.05) and chemokines CCL2, CXCL10 and CXCL13 (p<0.05). No overall changes were observed in synovial inflammation score or the presence of T cells, B cells or macrophages. Changes in synovial phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 strongly correlated with 4-month clinical responses (p<0.002). Tofacitinib significantly decreased plasma CXCL10 (p<0.005) at Day 28 compared with placebo.ConclusionsTofacitinib reduces metalloproteinase and interferon-regulated gene expression in rheumatoid synovium, and clinical improvement correlates with reductions in STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation. JAK1-mediated interferon and interleukin-6 signalling likely play a key role in the synovial response.Trial registration numberNCT00976599
Ground state of the random-bond spin-1 Heisenberg chain
Stochastic series expansion quantum Monte Carlo is used to study the ground
state of the antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg chain with bond disorder.
Typical spin- and string-correlations functions behave in accordance with
real-space renormalization group predictions for the random-singlet phase. The
average string-correlation function decays algebraically with an exponent of
-0.378(6), in very good agreement with the prediction of , while the average spin-correlation function is found to decay with an
exponent of about -1, quite different from the expected value of -2. By
implementing the concept of directed loops for the spin-1 chain we show that
autocorrelation times can be reduced by up to two orders of magnitude.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
Bronchial mucosal mast cells in asymptomatic smokers relation to structure, lung function and emphysema
AbstractThe pathologic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) most certainly involves neutrophil granulocytes, cytotoxic T-cells, macophages and mast cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the number of mast cells in different compartments in bronchial biopsies of central proximal airways to structural changes, lung function tests and emphysema detected by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT).Twenty nine asymptomatic smoking and 16 never-smoking men from a population study were recruited. Central bronchial biopsies were stained to identify mast cells by immunohistochemistry. The number of mast cells in the epithelium, lamina propria and smooth muscle as well as epithelial integrity and thickness of the tenascin and laminin layer were determined.Smokers had increased numbers of mast cells in all compartments (P<0.001). Structural changes were correlated to mast cell numbers with the closest associations to mast cell numbers in the smooth muscle [epithelial integrity (Rs=â0.48, P=0.008), laminin layer (Rs=0.63, P=0.0002), tenascin layer (Rs=0.40, P=0.03)]. Similar correlations between mast cells and lung function tests were seen [functional residual capacity (FRC) (Rs=0.60, P=0.0006), total lung capacity (TLC) (Rs=0.44, P=0.02) and residual volume (RV) (Rs=0.41, P=0.03)]. No correlations could be detected between mast cells and FEV1 or to emphysema.Smoking is associated with an increase of mast cells in all compartments of the bronchial mucosa, including smooth muscle, and this is related to altered airway structure and function
Ground-state properties of a supersymmetric fermion chain
We analyze the ground state of a strongly interacting fermion chain with a
supersymmetry. We conjecture a number of exact results, such as a hidden
duality between weak and strong couplings. By exploiting a scale free property
of the perturbative expansions, we find exact expressions for the order
parameters, yielding the critical exponents. We show that the ground state of
this fermion chain and another model in the same universality class, the XYZ
chain along a line of couplings, are both written in terms of the same
polynomials. We demonstrate this explicitly for up to N = 24 sites, and provide
consistency checks for large N. These polynomials satisfy a recursion relation
related to the Painlev\'e VI differential equation, and using a scale-free
property of these polynomials, we derive a simple and exact formula for their
limit as N goes to infinity.Comment: v2: added more information on scaling function, fixed typo
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