12 research outputs found
A guide for innovation in LGBQ+ youth peer relationships research
LGBQ+ youth (youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, or with diverse identities other than straight or heterosexual) contend with unique stressors in the context of their peer relationships. They also access critical support from peers. These circumstances likely influence how LGBQ+ youth navigate and experience their relationships. Nevertheless, research remains limited in its breadth and depth of coverage of LGBQ+ youth\u27s peer relationships. We suggest ways to advance such research within the following areas: (a) identity development in the peer context; (b) identity disclosure and âcoming outâ to peers; (c) initiating, developing, and maintaining friendships under marginalizing conditions; (d) homophily or diversity in LGBQ+ youth\u27s friendships; (e) visualizing LGBQ+ youth\u27s positions in their peer networks; (f) bias-based harassment, hypervigilance, and rejection sensitivity; and (g) peer action and advocacy. This work could yield richer understandings of how LGBQ+ youth cultivate meaningful, lasting peer relationships and thrive
Greater Engagement in Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs) and GSA Characteristics Predict Youth Empowerment and Reduced Mental Health Concerns
Extracurricular groups can promote healthy development, yet the literature has given limited attention to indirect associations between extracurricular involvement and mental health or to sexual and gender minority youth. Among 580 youth (Mage = 15.59, range = 10â20 years) and adult advisors in 38 Gender-Sexuality Alliances (GSAs), multilevel structural equation models showed that greater engagement in GSAs over the school year predicted increased perceived peer validation, self-efficacy to promote social justice, and hope (baseline adjusted). Through increased hope, greater engagement indirectly predicted reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms at the yearâs end (baseline adjusted). GSAs whose members had more mental health discussions and more meetings reported reduced mental health concerns. Findings suggest how groups addressing issues of equity and justice improve membersâ health
Reliability and validity of cutaneous sarcoidosis outcome instruments among dermatologists, pulmonologists, and rheumatologists
IMPORTANCE: Dermatologists, pulmonologists, and rheumatologists study and treat patients with sarcoidosis with cutaneous manifestations. The validity of cutaneous sarcoidosis outcome instruments for use across medical specialties remains unknown.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of cutaneous sarcoidosis outcome instruments for use by dermatologists and nondermatologists treating sarcoidosis.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We performed a cross-sectional study evaluating the use of the Cutaneous Sarcoidosis Activity and Morphology Instrument (CSAMI) and Sarcoidosis Activity and Severity Index (SASI) to assess cutaneous sarcoidosis disease severity and the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) as a reference instrument. Four dermatologists, 3 pulmonologists, and 4 rheumatologists evaluated facial cutaneous sarcoidosis in 13 patients treated at a cutaneous sarcoidosis clinic in a 1-day study on October 24, 2014; data analysis was performed from November through December 2014.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Interrater and intrarater reliability and convergent validity, with correlation with quality-of-life measures as the secondary outcome.
RESULTS: All instruments demonstrated excellent intrarater reliability. Interrater reliability (reported as intraclass correlation coefficient [95% CI]) was good for the CSAMI Activity scale (0.69 [0.51-0.87]) and PGA (0.66 [0.47-0.85]), weak for the CSAMI Damage scale (0.26 [0.11-0.52]), and excellent for the modified Facial SASI (0.78 [0.63-0.91]). The CSAMI Activity scale and modified Facial SASI showed moderate correlations (95% CI) with the PGA (0.67 [0.57-0.75] and 0.57 [0.45-0.66], respectively). The CSAMI Activity scale but not the modified Facial SASI showed significant correlations (95% CI) with quality-of-life instruments, such as the Dermatology Life Quality Index (Spearman rank correlation, 0.70 [0.25-0.90]) and the Skin Stigma raw score of the Sarcoidosis Assessment Tool (Pearson product moment correlation, 0.56 [0.01-0.85]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The CSAMI and SASI were reliable and valid in assessing cutaneous sarcoidosis among our diverse group of specialists. The CSAMI Activity score also correlated with quality-of-life measures and suggested construct validity. These results lend credibility to expand the use of the CSAMI and SASI by dermatologists and nondermatologists in assessing cutaneous sarcoidosis disease activity
Reliability and Convergent Validity of Two Outcome Instruments for Pemphigus
A major obstacle in performing multicenter controlled trials for pemphigus is the lack of a validated disease activity scoring system. Here we assess the reliability and convergent validity of the PDAI (pemphigus disease area index). A group of 10 dermatologists scored 15 patients with pemphigus to estimate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the PDAI and the recently described ABSIS (autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score) instrument. To assess convergent validity, these tools were also correlated with the Physicianâs Global Assessment (PGA). Reliability studies demonstrated an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter-rater reliability of 0.76 [95% CI = 0.61â0.91] for the PDAI and 0.77 [0.63â0.91] for the ABSIS. The tools differed most in reliability of assessing skin activity, with an ICC of 0.39 [0.17â0.60] for the ABSIS and 0.86 [0.76â0.95] for the PDAI. Intra-rater test-retest reliability demonstrated an ICC of 0.98 [0.96â1.0] for the PDAI and 0.80 [0.65â0.96] for the ABSIS. The PDAI also correlated more closely with the PGA. We conclude that the PDAI is more reproducible and correlates better with physician impression of extent. Subset analysis suggests that for this population of mild to moderate disease activity, the PDAI captures more variability in cutaneous disease than the ABSIS
Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers
https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138963/1/12987_2017_Article_71.pd
Antifungal Spectrum, In Vivo Efficacy, and StructureâActivity Relationship of Ilicicolin H
Ilicicolin H is a polyketideîžnonribosomal peptide
synthase
(NRPS)îžnatural product isolated from <i>Gliocadium roseum</i>, which exhibits potent and broad spectrum antifungal activity, with
sub-ÎŒg/mL MICs against <i>Candida</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, and <i>Cryptococcus</i> spp. It showed a novel mode of action, potent inhibition (IC<sub>50</sub> = 2â3 ng/mL) of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1
reductase, and over 1000-fold selectivity relative to rat liver cytochrome
bc1 reductase. Ilicicolin H exhibited in vivo efficacy in murine models
of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> infections, but efficacy may have been limited by high plasma protein
binding. Systematic structural modification of ilicicolin H was undertaken
to understand the structural requirement for the antifungal activity.
The details of the biological activity of ilicicolin H and structural
modification of some of the key parts of the molecule and resulting
activity of the derivatives are discussed. These data suggest that
the ÎČ-keto group is critical for the antifungal activity