14,373 research outputs found
Energy and Momentum of a Class of Rotating Gravitational Waves
We calculate energy and momentum for a class of cylindrical rotating
gravitational waves using Einstein and Papapetrou's prescriptions. It is shown
that the results obtained are reduced to the special case of the cylindrical
gravitational waves already available in the literature.Comment: 11 pages, no figure, Late
Energy and momentum of cylindrical gravitational waves. II
Recently Nathan Rosen and the present author obtained the energy and momentum
densities of cylindrical gravitational waves in Einstein's prescription and
found them to be finite and reasonable. In the present paper we calculate the
same in prescriptions of Tolman as well as Landau and Lifshitz and discuss the
results.Comment: 8 pages, LaTex, To appear in Pramana- J. Physic
X-ray Light Curves and Accretion Disk Structure of EX Hydrae
We present X-ray light curves for the cataclysmic variable EX Hydrae obtained
with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer and the Extreme
Ultraviolet Explorer Deep Survey photometer. We confirm earlier results on the
shape and amplitude of the binary light curve and discuss a new feature: the
phase of the minimum in the binary light curve, associated with absorption by
the bulge on the accretion disk, increases with wavelength. We discuss several
scenarios that could account for this trend and conclude that, most likely, the
ionization state of the bulge gas is not constant, but rather decreases with
binary phase. We also conclude that photoionization of the bulge by radiation
originating from the white dwarf is not the main source of ionization, but that
it is heated by shocks originating from the interaction between the inflowing
material from the companion and the accretion disk. The findings in this paper
provide a strong test for accretion disk models in close binary systems.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the Ap
Nonet Symmetry and Two-Body Decays of Charmed Mesons
The decay of charmed mesons into pseudoscalar (P) and vector (V) mesons is
studied in the context of nonet symmetry. We have found that it is badly broken
in the PP channels and in the P sector of the PV channels as expected from the
non-ideal mixing of the \eta and the \eta'. In the VV channels, it is also
found that nonet symmetry does not describe the data well. We have found that
this discrepancy cannot be attributed entirely to SU(3) breaking at the usual
level of 20--30%. At least one, or both, of nonet and SU(3) symmetry must be
very badly broken. The possibility of resolving the problem in the future is
also discussed.Comment: 9 pages, UTAPHY-HEP-
Charged Condensate and Helium Dwarf Stars
White dwarf stars composed of carbon, oxygen or heavier elements are expected
to crystallize as they cool down below certain temperatures. Yet, simple
arguments suggest that the helium white dwarf cores may not solidify, mostly
because of zero-point oscillations of the helium ions that would dissolve the
crystalline structure. We argue that the interior of the helium dwarfs may
instead form a macroscopic quantum state in which the charged helium-4 nuclei
are in a Bose-Einstein condensate, while the relativistic electrons form a
neutralizing degenerate Fermi liquid. We discuss the electric charge screening,
and the spectrum of this substance, showing that the bosonic long-wavelength
fluctuations exhibit a mass gap. Hence, there is a suppression at low
temperatures of the boson contribution to the specific heat -- the latter being
dominated by the specific heat of the electrons near the Fermi surface. This
state of matter may have observational signatures.Comment: 10 pages; v2: to appear in JCAP, brief comments and section titles
added, typos correcte
On the Asserted Clash between the Freud and the Bianchi Identities
Through a constructive method it is shown that the claim advanced in recent
times about a clash that should occur between the Freud and the Bianchi
identities in Einstein's general theory of relativity is based on a faulty
argument.Comment: 4 pages, plain Te
Energy-momentum Density of Gravitational Waves
In this paper, we elaborate the problem of energy-momentum in general
relativity by energy-momentum prescriptions theory. Our aim is to calculate
energy and momentum densities for the general form of gravitational waves. In
this connection, we have extended the previous works by using the prescriptions
of Bergmann and Tolman. It is shown that they are finite and reasonable. In
addition, using Tolman prescription, exactly, leads to same results that have
been obtained by Einstein and Papapetrou prescriptions.Comment: LaTeX, 9 pages, 1 table: added reference
The measurement errors in the Swift-UVOT and XMM-OM
The probability of photon measurement in some photon counting
instrumentation, such as the Optical Monitor on the XMM-Newton satellite, and
the UVOT on the Swift satellite, does not follow a Poisson distribution due to
the detector characteristics, but a Binomial distribution. For a single-pixel
approximation, an expression was derived for the incident countrate as a
function of the measured count rate by Fordham, Moorhead and Galbraith (2000).
We show that the measured countrate error is binomial, and extend their
formalism to derive the error in the incident count rate. The error on the
incident count rate at large count rates is larger than the Poisson-error of
the incident count rate.Comment: 4 pages, 2 postscript figures, submitted to MNRA
Searching for the MSW Enhancement
We point out that the length scale associated with the MSW effect is the
radius of the Earth. Therefore to verify matter enhancement of neutrino
oscillations, it will be necessary to study neutrinos passing through the
Earth. For the parameters of MSW solutions to the solar neutrino problem, the
only detectable effects occur in a narrow band of energies from 5 to 10 MeV. We
propose that serious consideration be given to mounting an experiment at a
location within 9.5 degrees of the equator.Comment: 10 pages, RevTe
Fatigue of notched fiber composite laminates. Part 1: Analytical model
A description is given of a semi-empirical, deterministic analysis for prediction and correlation of fatigue crack growth, residual strength, and fatigue lifetime for fiber composite laminates containing notches (holes). The failure model used for the analysis is based upon composite heterogeneous behavior and experimentally observed failure modes under both static and fatigue loading. The analysis is consistent with the wearout philosophy. Axial cracking and transverse cracking failure modes are treated together in the analysis. Cracking off-axis is handled by making a modification to the axial cracking analysis. The analysis predicts notched laminate failure from unidirectional material fatique properties using constant strain laminate analysis techniques. For multidirectional laminates, it is necessary to know lamina fatique behavior under axial normal stress, transverse normal stress and axial shear stress. Examples of the analysis method are given
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